| Objectives: To realize the demographic characteristics of different population groups in the Three Gorges Areas, risk factors of schistosome infection, awareness of the knowledge on schistosomiasis prevention and treatment among different population groups, and the general status of the attitude and behavior on schistosomiasis prevention. To compare the pass rates of knowledge on schistomiasis prevention between the intervention sites and the control sites to provide basic line materials and references for the designing of the intervention methods.Methods: The quantitative investigation was conducted among 1386 residents, 1068 students and 180 professionals sampled by the multiple stratified cluster random sampling from Wanzhou District, Kai County and Yunyang County in Chongqing. And qualitative study was conducted among officials in CDC, leaders and doctors in hospitals of towns and townships, village doctors and officials, school leaders and teachers, and residents and students there. Results: (1) The conditions of fecal harmless management and safe water were far from satisfaction. Among residents, only 33.69% used the tap water provided by water works while most of them, which occupied 45.89%, used the portable toilets without the feces harmless management and those who used methane only occupied 13.71%. Among students, the above three proportions were 28.18%, 50.28% and 11.99% separately. Besides, there were 35.30% of the students went to bath in rivers which had the risk of contacting schistosomiasis.(2) On the 10 items of schistosomiasis prevention awareness among residents, there were high levels on items of"whether taking unboiled water causes schistosomiasis easily"and"whether using hygiene toilets could reduce schistosome transmission", 25.47% and 31.67% separately. The pass rates of the other items were all under 6%. Among students, the pass rates of the above items were 38.39% and 31.18% separately while those of the other items all under 20%. Among the professionals, the pass rates on 6 items were all above 75%. (3) The total score of the 10 items is 10. The score of 1 to 5 means poor, 6 to 7 means medium and 8 to 10 means good. Scores above 6 are marked pass. The schistosomiasis prevention awareness among residents and students were 4.55% and 9.46% separately. The total score of the 6 items for professionals is 6 and those who got 6 occupied 52.22%. (4) Factors influencing the awareness of schistosomiasis prevention and the pass rate: the significant factors for residents were gender, educational level, occupation and economic condition. The significant factors influencing getting full marks among professionals were educational level and occupation. Among students, the gender and whether there were health education courses in schools had no influence on the pass rates of the awareness of schistosomiasis prevention. (5) There was difference on the pass rates of the awareness of schistosomiasis prevention between residents in the intervention counties (Wanzhou and Kai County) and in the control county (Yunyang County). By paired comparisons among residents withα=0.0083, among interventions counties in Wanzhou District the pass rates of Xintian were higher than that of Xiangdu and Wuling while there were no differences between the other 4 groups. Among interventions counties in Kai County, the pass rate of Houba was higher than that of Bayang, and the pass rate of Qukou was higher than that of Bayang while there were no differences between the other 4 groups. There were no significant differences on the pass rates between the intervention counties (Wanzhou and Kai County) and the control county (Yunyang). By paired comparisons among students withα=0.0083, in Wanzhou the pass rates of the students in the inside-control county of Wuling was lower than that in the outside-control county while there were no differences between the other 5 groups. There were no differences between any two groups in Kai County. There were no significant differences on the pass rates of the professionals between the intervention counties (Wanzhou and Kai County) and the control county (Yunyang). By paired comparisons withα=0.0167, there were no significant differences between any two of them.Conclusions: There is still a long way for the work of hygiene toilets and safe water in project counties which may lead to the schistosomasis infection. The pass rates of the 3 population groups were low and there were differences in awareness of schistosomasis prevention between the various intervention sites and the control sites, which demonstrate that health education and health promotion have not been developed overall. For various intervention sites and control sites, various interventions could be carried out to improve the awareness of schistosomasis prevention. The efficiency of different interventions could be compared in order to summarize the most efficient modes for schistosomasis prevention and treatment. |
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