An Investiagtion On Occupational Hygienic Status In Mid-and Small-scale Enterprises In Guangzhou

Objective To understand the occupational hygienic situation of enterprises, including the occupational hygienic management situation, the occupational health hazards'detection and the worker's health status in front line in mid- and small-scale enterprise in Guangzhou city.Subjects and Methods Cross-sectional study was carried out on the occupational hygienic situations in 86 enterprises that were selected from 10 districts of Guangzhou city. The research mainly included 5 parts:the enterprises' basic information, the occupational health management, the measurement of occupational disease's preventing and controlling, the system of occupation health's wardship and the executive status of occupational disease's detection and rating system.The subjects contain 21 chemical companies,22 shoe companies, 9 batteries factories, 5 tanneries,5 toy factories, 16 glass manufacturers, 2 building materials and electronic companies respectively, 1 machinery factory, printing company, sports supplies factory, and furniture factory respectively, which represent the whole kinds of small and medium enterprises in Guangzhou city.This study was performend by the method of field observation combined with questionnaire. Investigative parameters inlcude the occupational hygiene organization and health staffs, the system of occupational health management, the occupational health records and health records, personal protective equipment and emergency rescue equipment, occupational health training, an occupational hazard program conditions and occupational health warning marks, and protective facilities et al. The questionnaires were carried out with professional guilders. According to the original findings, we identified the occupational risk factors in the factories. Then we further evaluated the situation of occupational health hygiene in the above 86 factories, based on the national occupational health standards,Based on the present investigation, the detention and assessment for occupational hazards were carried out. Five factories, chosen by cluster sampling method from the eighty-six factories after they were divided into five administrative divisions, were selected for further investigation; and occupational health inspections were conducted for all the front-line factory workers. The selected factories belong to the battery manufacturing industry, shoe company, toy industry, casting industry, sports supplies factory. Health indexes related with the occupational risk factors were measured. Further, we evaluated the health damage of workers exposed to risk factors that are judjed from the national occupational health management practices.Results1. Basic information on 86 enterprises:most of them are the private enterprise, joint venture and foreign investment companies, their percentage is 52.33% and 27.91% separately; The industry of shoes leather, the chemical, the glass accessories, the accumulator cell and other industries'respectively proportion are 31.40%, 24.42%,18.60%,10.47% and 15.12%. And 82.56% of these enterprises'front line workers are less than 300 persons.2.45 out of 86 (52.33%) enterprises had match the standards of occupational diseases health hazards detection's requirement.71 enterprises (82.56%) had chemical health hazards; 21 enterprises (24.42%) had the hazard of dust; 50 enterprises (58.14%) had the hazard of noise. The eligible rate for the detection of chemical health hazard, dust and noise was 73.24%,76.19%,60% separately. The unqualified rate for the detection of chemical health hazard, dust and noise was 10.60%,28.12%,23.81% separately. The top ten unqualified chemical health hazard factors were:lead smoke, lead dust, manganese dioxide, sodium hydroxide, Hydrogen chloride, dim ethyl form amide, soluble nickel stannic compound, toluene, ethyl acetate, them ethyl ketene. The unqualified rate for the detections of lead smoke, lead dust was 96.97% and 92.75% respectively. And the top three of unqualified rate for dust detections were Silica dust (71.43%), sodium carbonate dust (50.00%), and coal dust (40.00%). As the primary physical health hazard factor, the unqualified rate was 38.00%.3. The occupational health management measure was not fully implemented. 66.30% enterprises had no specific department and manpower to manage the occupational health,59.30% enterprises didn't declare their occupational health hazards.61.63% enterprises didn't provide training before the worker on-boarding. 54.65% enterprises didn't establish the professional hygienic warning on site as per the legal requirement,52.23% enterprises didn't provide the qualified personal protection equipments,48.84% enterprises didn't set up the integrated occupation healthy records,39.53% enterprises didn't carry out the occupational health hazard factors'detection and appraisal,55.80% enterprises had no emergency response procedures and 50.00% had no emergency response equipment.4. The occupational health examination situation of front line workers:The abnormal rate for the workers who were exposure to the lead smoke/dust, noise, organic solvent, manganese dioxide was 79.80%,41.14%,7.96%,4.27 respectively. There was a close relationship between the abnormal rate and the seniority for the workers who were exposure to leak smoke/dust and noise. And there was no evidence to show the relation between the abnormal rate and the seniority in the workers who were under exposure to the benzene and the organic solvent.Conclusions1. The occupational health hazards presented in 80% enterprises of Guangzhou.2. The chemical occupational health hazard factor exist in mid- and small-scale enterprises broadly, especially in private enterprise, joint venture and foreign investment companies. Among them, batteries factories, and chemical fatoris are urgent to be supervised. The lead smoke/dust and manganese dioxide must be contronled with a big effort.3. The hazard of noise in mid- and small-scale enterprise is inferior to the chemical hazards, and widely happens in various industries. Noises deserve to be managed for that noise can result in seriously harmful effects. The prevalence of occupational risk factors in glass companies and batteries factories also worth to be paid enough measures to control.4. The dust in Chemical and glass accessories industry lead to serious harmful effects of health. In additon, dust in pneumoconiosis of the electric welder should be controled.5. Some workers' health has been injured by the occupational health hazard.Currently; we should put an prior emphases on those workers in batteries factories, and in high noise factories.6. It is urgent to improve the enterprise's legal consciousness and the occupational health management, because of current unsatisfied situations.7. Interventional efforts should be performed for those workers who lack the occupational health knowledge and have no good work behavior.