| ObjectiveThe increasing popularity of mobile phones has become a necessity in people's lives as a communication tool, but whether mobile phone electromagnetic radiation could damage human health has attracted people's attention. Studies have shown that radiation will affect and destroy the original bio-currents and bio-magnetic field of human body after long-term exposure in the non-safe radiation doses, an exception of the body's electromagnetic field occurring. Different group of people has different endurance to electromagnetic radiation, while the elderly, children and pregnant women are among the susceptible populations, and the heart, eyes and reproductive system are the sensitive organs of the human body to electromagnetic radiation. This study used pregnant rat as a model to investigate the effect of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on pregnant and newborn rats'brain tissue by detecting the level of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD),Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX),Malondialdehyde (MDA),three kinds of monoamine neurotransmitters [Noradrenaline (NE),Dopamie(DA),5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HT)], and immunoglobulin A(IgA),immunoglobulin G(IgG),immunoglobulin M(IgM),complement C3,complement C4 of pregnant and newborn rats'serum, aims to provide experimental evidence for the influence of electromagnetic radiation emitted by mobile phone on pregnant woman and fetus. Methods1 The establishment of mobile phone-electromagnetic radiation model in ratsClean-level Wistar rats, in the weight range of 180～220g, adaptive feeding for 7 days, were put together according to 1:2 (male to female rats) at the seventh evening, and the female vaginal were checked next morning. The female rats found the vaginal suppository was identified as day 0 of pregnancy.32 pregnant rats were randomly divided into four groups of eight in each group, and reared in single-cage. Group A as control group, pregnant rats in it did'nt receive mobile phone electromagnetic radiation during the experiment; group B as low intensity group, was radiated by mobile phone electromagnetic radiation 10 minutes every time; group C was radiated 30minutes as middle intensity group; group D was radiated 60 minutes as high intensity group. The three experimental groups were radiated for 3 times a day for 20days. Since the day 0 of pregnancy, the pregnant rats in each group were placed in home-made cages and subjected to radiation respectively. To maintain the distance between mobile phone and the ears during the call process, the mobil board of the cage was adjusted at all times to restrict the activities of pregnant rats. After the mobile phone connected, the volume was fixed and the handset was put next to the ears of pregnant rats, completely simulating the state of human conversation. The control group carried out the same test as the middle intensity of group C, but without mobile phone connection.2 Effects of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on body weight and general growth of pregnant and newborn ratsThe general physical signs, appearance, behavior, urine, fur, etc. of pregnant rats were observed and daily weight was recorded as. Afer the parturition, the number of live births, the appearance, bones and other developmental conditions of 24h newborn rats were checked and the weight, length and tail length of them were recorded as well.3 Effects of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on SOD, GSH-PX, MDA in pregnant and newborn rats'brain tissueAfter the normal childbirth of pregnant rats, the pregnant and 24h newborn rats were decapitated and the whole brain tissue were taken, and later the contents of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in pregnant and 24h newborn rats'brain tissue were tested.4 Effects of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on immunoglobulin and complement of pregnant mice and newborn rat'serumAfter the normal childbirth of pregnant rats, the pregnant and 24h newborn rats were decapitated and the blood were taken, and the content of IgA, IgG, IgM, and complement C3, complement C4 levels were tested in serum.5 Methodological study of monoamine neurotransmitters in rat'brain tissue with high-performance liquid chromatographyThe content of noradrenaline (NE),dopamie(DA) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HT) in pregnant and newborn rats'brain tissue were tested by high performance liquid chromatograph with a fluorescence detector.Chromatographic conditions:column:DIKMA C18 (250mm×4.6 mm, 10μm). Mobile phase:methanol:water (40:60), containing EDTANa20.028g/L,0.15g/L SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfonate),0.22 ml/L H2SO4(pH 2.5-3), filtration by 0.25μm nuclear empty membrane before use. Flow rate:1.0 ml/min, column temperature:35℃. Fluorescence excitation wavelength:λEX=290, detection wavelength:λEM=330.6 Effects of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on monoamine neurotransmitters of pregnant mice and newborn rat'brainAfter the normal childbirth of pregnant rats, the pregnant and 24h newborn rats were decapitated and the whole brain tissue were taken, and later the contents of noradrenaline(NE),dopamie(DA) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HT) in pregnant and newborn rats'brain tissue were tested by high performance liquid chromatograph with a fluorescence detector.Results1 Effects of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on body weight and general growth of pregnant and newborn ratsMobile phone electromagnetic radiation has no significant effect on body weight of pregnant rats (P>0.05). Visual observation has shown that the growth of the newborn rats was normal and the development was at good condition with no deformity. Either of the number of newborn rats was alive, and the average weight of newborn rats, the average brain weight, body length, and tail length in each group have no significant difference between each other (P>0.05).2 Effects of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on SOD, GSH-PX, MDA in pregnant and newborn rats'brain tissueNo significant difference of above indexes was found in pregnant rat brain tissue among the four groups. In rats'brain tissue, the content of SOD (U/mgprot) decreased after radiation, and significant differences (P<0.05) were found among the high intensity group,middle intensity group and control group; the content of GSH-PX (U/mgprot) decreased after radiation, and the differences were significant among the high intensity group,middle intensity group and control group(P<0.05); the content of MDA(nmol/mgprot) increased after radiation, and the differences were also significant among the high intensity group,middle intensity group and control group(P<0.05); there were no significant difference found between low intensity group and control group in the content of SOD,GSH-PX and MDA (P>0.05).3 Effects of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on immunoglobulin and complement of pregnant mice and newborn rat'serumIn pregnancy and newborn rats'serum, the content of IgG increased in low intensity group and middle intensity group, decreased in high intensity group, with the significant difference among the four groups (P<0.05). The content of IgA all decreased after exposition and significant differences (P<0.05) were found among the experimental groups and control group. The content of IgM decreased after exposition, and the significant differences (P<0.05) were found between the high intensity group and control group, but not between the other groups and control group. In pregnancy rats'serum, the content of complement C3 levels decreased after radiation, and significant differences (P<0.05) were found among the high intensity group,middle intensity group and control group, but no significant difference was found between low intensity group and control group (P>0.05); the content of complement C4 levels decreased after irradiation, and significant differences (P<0.05) were found among the high intensity group and control group, but no significant difference was found between low intensity group,middle intensity group and control group(P>0.05). In newborn rats'serum, the content of complement C3 levels decreased after radiation, and significant differences (P<0.05) were found among the high intensity group,middle intensity group and control group, but no significant difference was found between low intensity group and control group (P>0.05); the content of complement C4 levels decreased after irradiation, and there were no significant difference found between experimental groups and control group (P>0.05).4 Methodological study of monoamine neurotransmitters in rat'brain tissue with high-performance liquid chromatographyIn the condition of this experiment, three kinds of monoamine neurotransmitters were separated perfectly in 20min. The retention time were:NE 5.67min, DA 8.47min, 5-HT 14.40min. A good linear response was obtained for the three monoamine neurotransmitters over the range of 0.05-1.0 mg/L with correlation coefficients not less than 0.999. NE:Y=178101X+5788 (r=0.9997), the detection limits was 0.025μg/L, the recoveries were 102.4%,90.6% and 106.8%, the inter-day RSD were 2.1%,1.7% and 2.7%, the intra-day RSD were 4.1%,3.3% and 2.9%; DA: Y=309124X+1258 (r=0.9995), the detection limits was 0.030μg/L, the recoveries were 105.5%,100.1% and 98.3%, the inter-day RSD were 2.2%,2.7% and 1.4%, the intra-day RSD were 3.8%,4.6% and 4.7%; 5-HT:Y=3415420X+6305 (r=0.9994), the detection limits was 0.006μg/L, the recoveries were 97.6%,91.8% and 104.5%, the inter-day RSD were 2.3%,1.9% and 2.0%, the intra-day RSD were 4.6%,4.3% and 3.9%.5 Effects of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on monoamine neurotransmitters of pregnant mice and newborn rat'brainThe significant difference in the contents of NE,DA both in pregnant rat and newborn rats'brain tissue was found between low,high intensity groups and control groups(P<0.05), with the low intensity group increased and high intensity group decreased. But, no significant difference was found between middle intensity groups and control group (P>0.05). after radiation. No significant difference was found among the four groups in the content of 5-HT both in pregnant rat and newborn rats' brain tissue (P>0.05).Conclusions1. No significant abnormalities and deformities on body weight and general growth parameters of pregnant and newborn rats were found.2. A long time mobile phone electromagnetic radiation would reduce the activity of antioxidant enzymes of newborn rat'brain tissue, make oxygen free radicals increase, cause tissue damage, and therefore has a certain negative impact on embryonic development.3. Mobile phone electromagnetic radiation may affect the immune system of the pregnant and newborn rats, and raise the body stress level.4. Long-term and chronic mobile phone electromagnetic radiation may cause the metabolism monoamine neurotransmitter disorder of the pregnant and newborn rats' central nervous system.5. The estabished method of detectioning brain monoamine neurotransmitters using high performance liquid chromatograph with a fluorescence detector in our research is proved to be simple, sensitive, rapid, and accurate, and it was a more reliable and sensitive method to measure the monoamine neurotransmitters in rat'brain.
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