| Background:With the development of medical science, cesarean section has been an effective means to solve dystocia and obstetric complications, and to save maternal and perinatal life. In recent years, with the development of medical science and the influence of social factors, the rate of cesarean section has risen at home and abroad. It is much more than the cesarean section rate which would not exceed 15% ordered by the WHO. This phenomenon has aroused great interest. Cesarean section is only an operation of midwifery. We need objective information to evaluate it's value and to analyse it's advantages and disadvantages through scientific investigations. Would cesarean section have impact on infants' health? Thus, a special research project which is designed reasonably is needed.Objective:To research into the effect of cesarean section and vaginal delivery on infants'health. Including:prevalence of infants'common disease, physical development, motor and mental development.Methods:307 infants were selected who were normal in antepartum and intrapartum condition. Total infants were divided into cesarean section group (cesarean sections without medical indication, Group A n=185) and vaginal delivery Group (group B n=122). All the infants were evaluated at the first month,the sixth month and the twelfth month after birth by measuring their head circumference, length and weight, evaluating their mental development by the method of DDST. Comparing the medical outcomes of two groups, we evaluated the effect of different delivery modes on infants'growth and development.Results:1.The total morbidities of neonatal diseases were not greatly different between Group A(8.65%) and Group B(8.2%), therefore the different in the outcome has no statistical significance(P>0.05). The rates of infants' common disease increased gradually with growth of age. At the age form 1 to 6 months, the morbidities of gastrointestinal diseases were 17.3% in Group A and 10.7% in B, the morbidities of upper respiratory infection were 24.3% and 21.3%, and the morbidities of lower respiratory infection were 6.5% and 9.8%. The morbidities of other disease were 2.7% and 6.5%. At the age form 6 to 12 months, the morbidities of gastrointestinal diseases were 26.5% in Group A and 18% in B, the morbidities of upper respiratory infection were 33.5% and 36.9%, the morbidities of lower respiratory infection were 10.3% and 9%, and the morbidities of other disease were 9.2% and 8.2%. The difference of the morbidities of above diseases for the two groups has no statistical significance (P< 0.05).2. There was no significant difference between Group A and Group B in infants' head circumference, length and weight at different growth stage (the 1st month,6th month,12th month) (P> 0.05).3. The two groups were similar in motor development (P > 0.05), such as liftting head, rolling over, sitting, creeping, and standing by themselves, etc.4. Evaluation on mental development by the method of DDST did not find difference between the two groups form aspects:person and society, delicate motion and adaptability, language and great movement (P> 0.05).Conclusions:1.Cesarean section without medical indications is not associated with infants'morbidities. Although it seems to increase the risk of infants'pneumonia and diarrhea, it has no statistical significance.2. It does not affect infants'physical development before 1-year-old.3. It does not influence infants'mental and motor development before 1-year-old, but it needs further interviews to observe the effects in the long run.
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