| Osteoporosis is a systematic skeleton disease characterized by a reduction in bone mass, degeneration of the microstructure of bone tissue, increased bone brittleness and increased likelihood of bone fracture. It is a disease common in post-menopausal women and the elderly. The incidence of osteoporosis-related fractures is very high and has very serious consequences such as a reduction in the quality of life of the patient. Osteoporosis drugs such as salmon calcitonin, bisphosphonates and human parathyroid hormone have some disadvantages such as adverse side effects and a high cost. Thus, alternative drugs of proven efficacy, with greater safety which are available at low cost, should be developed for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. As a traditional Chinese medicine, coronet is rich in active ingredients. It was found to be effective in reinforcing kidney function, strengthening bone and muscle, and activating blood. However, little is known about anti-osteoporosis effects. This study aims to investigate the anti-osteoporosis effects of coronet powder and provide the evidence for the clinical use.In this study, we used the pressure-shear induced chemical transitions (PICT) assisted extraction to prepare coronet powder. We analysed IGF-1, calcium citrate, calcium fumarate and Ca content of coronet powder. The content of IGF-1 was 0.750±0.033μg/g, calcium citrate was 16.17±0.52 mg/g, Ca was 133.61±3.55 mg/g. Calcium fumarate wasn't found.Ovariectomy or sham operations were performed on sixty,6-month-old virgin Sprague-Dawley rats to establish an osteoporosis model. The rats were fed either 50 mg/mL, 150 mg/mL or 250 mg/mL coronet powder and caltrate D was used as a positive control. Treatments were administered once a day continually for 12 weeks. To observe the effects of coronet powder in these rats, the following indexes were measured:body weight, bone mineral density, relative organ weights, serum biochemistry levels, and bone histopathological parameters.Our results indicated that 150 mg/mL and 250 mg/mL coronet powder were more effective than 50 mg/mL coronet powder and caltrate D for control of post-menopausal osteoporosis. The body weight loss induced by ovarectomy was prevented by administrating 150 mg/mL and 250 mg/mL coronet powder. Bone mineral density also increased (P<0.05). Serum estradiol, alkaline phosphatase, bone gamma-carboxy-glutamic acid protein, calcitonin and IGF-1 were examined and our results showed that estradiol, calcitonin and IGF-1 increased (P<0.05) while alkaline phosphatase and bone gamma-carboxy-glutamic acid protein decreased (P<0.05), Under the microscope, the bone trabeculae was significantly reduced in ovarectomized rats. However, this was reversed by administrating 150 mg/mL and 250 mg/mL coronet powder. Treatment for twelve weeks with coronet powder had no influence on organ, serum glucose and lipid level, liver and kidney function. Coronet powder appears to be a safe and effective treatment for osteoporosis.
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