| Velvet antler, traditionally used as a tonic and valuable drug in oriental medicine. As early as 1596,Li Shi-Zhen had Described in detail the many ways in which antler could be used for improved health. Interest in velvet antler has increased over the last decade as modern-day scientific studies have begun to evaluate and substantiate many of these traditional claims. In recent years, a wide range of pharmacological activity and health functions of Velvet antler had been reported. The processing technologies for Velevet antler, however, are limited. For example, in most case Velvet antler was used in raw materials. In this point of view, we hypothesized a new processing way for this valuable drugs by which the Velvet antler was fractionated into three fractions, lipid-soluble fraction, water-soluble fraction and insoluble fractions. Then each fraction can be applied in corresponding products according to their bioactivity or active components. In this study, the components especially fat acids in fat-soluble fraction and its anti-fatigue effects were studied, the results are as follows:1.The lipid soluble fraction was obtained by extracting Velvet Antler with ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol sequentially. The total extract (extracts by the three solvents together) for Deer Antler was 7.88% and 8.62% for red deer antler。Among the three extraction solvents, ethanol yielded a highest extraction rate that was 3.10% for malu and 3.29% for Deer Antler. These results indicate that lipid composition in velvet cann't be completely extracted by any single solvent.2.To extract the phospholipids from velvet, solvents ether,acetate and ethanol were used respectively. For Deer antler, the phospholipids content were 0.39mg/kg in ether extract,1.24mg/kg in ethanol extract and 0.56mg/kg in ethyl acetate extract. For malu(qing cha danci), the phospholipids content were 0.45mg/kg in ether extract,1.86mg/kg in ethanol extract and 0.58mg/kg in ethyl acetate extract. More that 50% of the total phospholipids can be extracted by ethanol.3.The fat acids in each extract measured by GC-MS were not significantly different. The most common fatty acids are tetradecanoic acid(C14:0), pentadecane acid(C15:0), palmitic acid(C16:0), palmitoleic acid(C16:1),2-hydroxy(C16:0H) Pentadecanoic acid(C17:0), stearic acid(C18:0), oleic acid(C18:1), linoltic acid(C18:2). linoolenic acid(C18:3), arachidic acid (C20:0) and arachidonic acid(C20:4).Among them, C16:0 and C18:0were the two common saturated fatty acids while oleic acid and linoltic acid are unsaturated fatty acid found in lipid fraction. TLC analysis showed that nearly 50% of phospholiplids was found in ethanol extract.4.acid and stearic acid, unsaturated fatty acid is oleic acid and linoleic acid the most. TLC analysis showed that phospholipids, lecithin exists in the ether and ethanol extracts,and most present in the anhydrous ethanol extract.5.Animal test demonstrated that the lipid fraction of velvet antler combining with dazhao, greatly improved the anti-fatigue effect in a dose-depend manner. Revolving rod test showed that mouse feed lipid fraction of velvet antler persisted much longer time on revolving rod compared to control group(P<0.01). Serum biochemical indexes both BUN and BLA of experimental groups were lower than control group(P< 0.05).All experimental groups had a higher glycogen than control group(P<0.05) and the glycogen increased with the increase of lipid fraction of velvet antler administrated. The results indicated that the lipid fraction of velvet antler combining with dazhao had significant anti-fatigue effect.
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