| Objectives This paper observes the influence on rat blood pressure through olfactory inhalation to three kinds of essential oils. Combined with damage model of olfactory epithelium as well as immunohistochemical detection of the changes in neurotransmitters of different brain regions, it discusses the possible mechanisms of blood pressure regulation, new drug and the route it effects on. It also provides the experimental basis for the clinical treatment of hypertension.Methods The rats were random selected into four groups named as blank group(BG), lavender essential oil group(LG), rosemary essential oil group(RG) and clove essential oil group(CG). The rat blood pressure was detected during the experiment by MedLab 6.0 collecting and processing system of biological signal. Lavender essential oil was found out to have a role in lowering blood pressure.The second, another four group rats selected randomly were named as blank group(BG), lavender group(LG), bogus-operation-lavender group(BOLG) and model(damage model group of olfactory epithelium)-lavender group(MLG). The damage model was prepared by zinc sulfate(ZnSO4). The rat blood pressure was detected during the experiment by MedLab 6.0 collecting and processing system of biological signal. The quantity of peripheral catecholamine(CA) was measured with Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The changes were detected by immunohistochemical method in neurotransmitters ofγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA), 5-hydroxytriptamine(5-HT) and noradrenalin(NE) from brain stem, hypothalamus, amygdala of every group rats. Results1. There were significance differences in SP, DP and MAP among LG, RG, CG and BG. There was no obvious change in blood pressure of BG during 100 minutes olfactory inhalation with distilled water. The difference was insignificance. Compared with BG, LG showed more obvious lowered blood pressure and got significance during 80~100 minutes after olfactory inhalation till the end of experiments. The RG and CG showed no obvious change and insignificance difference between BG and themselves while they had a significance difference between LG.2. There was significance differences in blood pressure among BG, LG, BOLG and MLG. Compared with BG, LG and BOLG both showed lowered SP, DP and MAP. They got significance difference during 80~100 minutes after olfactory inhalation. The MLG showed insignificance difference and no obvious change in blood pressure. The BOLG had a reduced SP, DP and MAP compared with MLG. They got a significance difference during 80~100 minutes after olfactory inhalation. The difference between LG and BOLG of SP, DP and MAP was insignificance.3. The concentration of serum CA from LG reduced obviously after olfactory inhalation. The difference is significance. There is insignificance difference in concentration of serum CA before inhalation among BG, MLG, LG and BOLG. BG and MLG remained after inhalation. Compared with BG, LG showed reduced concentration of serum CA and significance difference while MLG showed insignificance.4. As a results of immunohistochemical detection, there was a increase of the expression of 5-HT, GABA in amygdala, hypothalamus and brain stem while a reduction of NE for LG Compared with BG. The difference in expression of 5-HT, GABA and NE is insignificance for MLG compared with BG. Conclusions1. It is lavender essential oil that reduced rat blood pressure, SP, DP and MAP, by olfactory inhalation in the three kind of essential oil.2. The route to reduced blood pressure is olfactory pathway.3. The olfactory inhalation of lavender essential oil will reduce the quantity of peripheral catecholamine. It is a possible peripheral role mechanism.4. The possible central role mechanism of blood pressure reduction is the changes of neurotransmitters(GABA, 5-HT and NE) by olfactory pathway with lavender essential oil.
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