| Objective: To obtain the morphological data of permanent teeth of people about 3000,2000,1000 years ago, and compare them with the data of modern people , aiming to explore the morphological evolution of human teeth in Xi'an during 3000 years.Method: Cross-sectional description and longitudinal comparison were used in this study. Morphological measurements of ancient permanent teeth that excavated from three sites, including 1602 permanent teeth 3000 years ago excavated from Shaolingyuan in Xizhou dynasty(743 of maxillary, 859 of mandibular), 2264 permanent teeth 2000 years ago excavated from the Terra-cotta Site near the Mausoleum of Qinshihuang (1149 of maxillary, 1115 of mandibular) and 539 permanent teeth 1000 years ago excavated from Changan county in Shaanxi Province (293 of maxillary, 246 of mandibular) were observed. Morphological indexes, including the length of tooth, length of crown, length of root, mesiodistal diameter of crown, mesiodistal diameter of crown at the cervix, labiolingual diameter of crown, labiolingual diameter of crown at the cervix and the tooth area were recorded. The data were statistically analysed.Result:â‘ Morphological data of the permanent teeth about 3000, 2000, 1000 years ago were obtained.â‘¡The main finding in the change of human tooth size is that tooth size of human about 2000 years ago is larger than that about 3000 years ago. The tooth length and crown length is the chief different morphological indexes. Canine and molar have the most significant deviation.â‘¢The total area of permanent teeth of people about 3000, 2000, 1000 years ago are 1186.23 mm2, 1225.44 mm2 and 1212.20 mm2 , respectively.Conclusion: Changes in tooth size over 3000 years in Xi'an fluctuate. Threre is neither a decreasing nor an increasing trend.
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