Research On Traditional Chinese Medicine In Jin Dynasty

Jin Dynasty is a regime which was established by the Nvzhen nationality. It and creates a hundred of prosperity and gives generations to much enlightenment and reference that the medicine is from behind to prosperity. Not only is the official medicine prosperous, there are two schools in folk which are Hejian and Yishui and the medicine makes brilliant achievements in Jin Dynasty and opens for more than 100 years of medical boom. The paper tries to research the medicine in Jin Dynasty which based on extensive historical data and achievements researched by academicians. The paper tries to recognize comprehensively and profoundly from system, education, development of folk medicine and prosperous reasons of the medicine in Jin Dynasty.The introduction of this paper illuminates the research significance on topic selected and briefly introduces research status and relative writings and articles of the subject and summarizes the ideas and methods of the research and prepares for the writing of text.The paper is divided into three parts which are the development and prosperity of Jin Dynasty medicine, medical achievements and prosperous reasons of the medicine. Chapter two mainly expounds the situation of medical prosperity in Jin Dynasty.Firstly, this paper expounds the prosperity of official medical conditions and introduces the medical system. Jin Dynasty is the first period which makes major medical affairs are under the control by a department of management. The medical institutions are managed by XuanHui management which consists of TaiYi bureau, ShangYao bureau and YuYao bureau. The TaiYi bureau controls medical polices and education, ShangYao bureau hands into medicine soup, tea and fruit. The medical branch education develops to ten families in Jin Dynasty, but only three can be proved and others are hard to be proved which are lack of historical data. Besides TaiYi bureau in the center which controls medical education, in folk there are medical colleges which controls medical education. There are medical test every three years and allow all people in who master medicine. Jin physician selection has a variety of ways. The main selection of the TaiYi bureau is introduction of moving. The main office ways of the rest of the staff are medical test, expropriate and introduction. Secondly, the paper expounds the prosperity of the folk medicine in Jin Dynasty. The folk medicine arises with unprecedented speed and intensity and brings groundbreaking revolution whether in theory or in practice and continus the medical contending for hundreds of years. The main reason is that collision and fusion of two schools in their respective medical theory and practice and influence continued for centuries. Then the paper introduced ChengWuJi's great achievement and the life background, the creation and spread of HeJian schools and YiShui schools.Chapter third discussed medical theories and achieves of main medical schools in Jin Dynasty. First, it discussed the contribution and implication of Commentary on Treatise on Febrile Diseases by Cheng Wuyi. He composed a Commentary on that the book Treatise on Febrile Diseases, and elucidated pathogenesis, identified formulas and methods, and combined the detection, analysis and treatment of diseases into an organic whole. Then medical theories and achieves from Hejian School was described, featuring Zhang Congzheng and Liu Xiansu. Hejian School was a medical school that explore the pathogenesis on the basis of the Heat and Fire theory. Liu Xiansu put forward a Heat and Fire Theory, explained as,"fire and heat are the main pathogen among the six kinds of natural factors, as wind, dampness, dryness and coldness all might be transformed into heat and fire.""The five emotions- happiness, anger, anxiety, depression, fear- at their extreme will cause excessive heat."He discussed the university of fire-and-heat-related diseases and their pathogenesis , and advocated the practice of cooling the fire in the heart, ameliorating the kidney-water. As for the treatment, Liu Xiansu preferred medicines of cool and cold nature/ property. Based on the Stomach-Fire theory within the Fire and Heat theory of Liu Xiansu, Zhang Congzheng made further advancements and argued that"All diseases come from evil factors."In his treatment, he used the three method-"Sweating""vomiting""laxness"to dispel illnesses. Finally, the medical theories and achieves from Yishui School was introduced, featuring Zhang Xiansu and Lihao. Yishui School as a medical school have focused on the pathogenesis of viscera and the dialectical relationships in it. Zhang Yuansu proposed a Dialectical Theory on Viscera, as well as theories about the flavor and property of herbal medicines, and discussed the ancient teachings and innovations about prescriptions, hence creating a theory about how to choose medicines and decide on formulas. Lihao argued that"Internal damages on the spleen and stomach give rise to every disease.", he then established a complete theory called"Treatises about internal damages on the spleen and stomach". In his treatment, Li Hao preferred warm medicines and tonics to take care of the spleen and stomach.Chapter four describes the prosperous development reasons of Jin Dynasty medicine. First, the policies promote the development of medicine. Jin Dynasty is established by minor native and based on horde and horde alliance. Rulers adopted various measures to promote the all-round development of society on political, economic and cultural after it was established. Rulers actively collected medical classics to accumulate the rich material for the development of medical education and prepared official medicial education. It provided a free medical academic atmosphere that rulers absorb more the Han nationality culture and limit less. The rulers improved the social status of medical physician and give preferential policies of immune, then medical profession increase. Secondly, Jin social environment stimulated the development of medical science. Frequent wars and corvee led to epidemic diseases spreaded and brought people's lives and safety serious threat. Physicians often checked medicial books. But there were no effects. It needs medical theory innovations and medical technology progresses to make people healthy that the contemporary social environment and rectification of medical malpractice. Then it promoted the development of medical science that confucian became a physician. The change of confucian XiaoYi view made a part of confucian become a physician. Jin Dynasty is established by the Nvzhen nationality,a lot of government officer are the Nvzhen nationality, so the Han nationality scholars who work in government are less and the way are obstructed, then lots of them are into medical field. Because they have profound cultural foundation and summarize experience, develop theory after forefront and write books to promote the prosperity and improve the overall level of Jin Dynasty medicine. They have strong sense of social responsibility, and the responsibility also offers salvation to promote the development and prosperity of the medicine. Finally, the academic tradition ensure the stable development of medicine. HeJian schools and YiShui schools have definite tutorial inheriting relationship. Finally, the academic tradition and ensure the stable development of medicine. It is the foundation of innovation that students go with master and get the essence. At the same time, physicians attach importance to the selection of students in schools which have definite inheriting relation, they will teach them after certain understanding of their characters.The last part of the paper is a conclusion of Jin Dynasty medicine.