| Objective: To explore the distribution regularity and epidemiological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) among natural population in NanChang Hongdu community, by measuring the contents and distribution of chemical elements which related to AD in human blood , and screening related risk factors and protective factors, so as to provide reference for AD early prevention or intervention. Methods: Cluster sampling method was used to determine the target population. MMSE scale screening tool was performed for the evaluation of patients with AD, associated the medical history, clinical manifestation. A case-control study conducted with 52 cases diagnosed AD patients and 70 controls, by measuring their chemical elements and other factors, and conducted some related analysis. Results: The total prevalence rate of AD in Nanchang Hongdu community dwellers was 4.69%,and the prevalence rates of AD between males and females were 3.60% and 5.47% , there was significant difference between males and females (x~2 = 4.57, p<0.05);Among these 113 senile dementias, the proportion of mild, moderate, severe AD was 22.12%, 44.25% and 33.63% respectively. AD was related with age and education degree, the older of the age and the lower of education degree, the higher of the prevalence rate of AD. There were no significant difference (p> 0.05) between males and females in AD and between the control of males and females about all elements in blood respectively. There were no significant difference between AD cases and controls in blood calcium and ferri contents (P>0.05); Blood aluminium, copper, manganese and cadmium contents of AD patients were significantly higher than the control group(t: 10.399～2.137, P <0.05); Blood zinc, selenium and chromium levels of AD patients were lower than the control group, representing a significant difference (P<0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the first degree relatives of dementia (OR=3.349), hypertension (OR=4.228), and aluminum (OR=3.327) were the risk factors for AD; high levels of education (OR=0.465), zinc (OR=0.218), and selenium (OR=0.253) were protective factors for AD. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of AD was in a relatively high level among old natural population in Nanchang Hongdu community, and formed a threat to the health of the old people. Age distribution suggested the age groups above 75 years should be regarded as an important monitoring target of AD. Comared with male, female was prone to suffering from AD, so more attention should be paid to the older female in community healthcare. There were lower blood zinc, selenium, chromium contents and higher aluminum, manganese, copper, cadmium content in AD patients, and it should aroused the attention of AD patients, it is necessary to improve their diet, the balance of nutrition and change unhealthy life style, etc. The result revealed that high blood aluminum contents, the hypertension, and family history of dementia were risk factors of AD, while high contents of zinc, selenium in blood and high education levels were protective factors of AD. More attention should be paid to improving the personal behavior and characteristics of the community dwellers, it is important to prevent and control AD incidence. And selecting some elements closed to AD as a marker, which is also an important reference value to diagnosis of AD.
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