The Investigation Of Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior And The Research Of Health Education Intervention On AIDS Prevention Among Construction Workers

Using the methods of epidemiological study, based on the KABP model (knowledge attitude belief practice model) of health education theory and health promotion theory, about 300 male construction workers are selected for study through the approach of cluster sampling from three construction sites: the Qingshan District, Hongshan District, Wuchang District in Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei where the construction workers of mobility gather, from April to September in 2005. The data of the basic information of these construction workers, the situation of accepting health education to prevent AIDS in the past, the relevant knowledge, attitude, behavior and the main demanding related to AIDS are gained by baseline survey; Health education activities are carried out and evaluated by the process and effect, that is the face-to-face propaganda and education (five forms: providing handbook, displaying drawing board, holding knowledge lecture, watching the disk and taking knowledge contest) and the peer education depends on the crowd features. At the same time, the method of in-depth interviews with individuals is used for understanding the awareness, needs and recommendations of construction workers on the health education to prevent AIDS. Through qualitative research, some in-depth information is obtained as effective supplement to quantitative information. This study aims at seeking out practical and effective methods and forms of preventing AIDS, the work mode of AIDS prevention in line with China's actual conditions in construction workers.Before the intervention research, 301 available questionnaires are received; after the intervention research, 299 available questionnaires are collected. At the same time, 23 in-depth interview documents are received. The average age of these people is 36.3±10.11 and 90.4% of them are aged from 15 to 49. Their educational level is mainly junior middle school, accounting for 57.8%. And the bulk of them are married, accounting for 72.1%. People who have ever accepted the health education of AIDS prevention occupy a relatively lower proportion in the whole group. The single means of health education is mainly such mass media as broadcasting and TV. The proportion of people who have been accepted the health education of AIDS prevention is higher in the groups of old people and college students than other groups. The baseline investigation reveals that construction workers have low level of knowledge on AIDS prevention, and they don't have a systematical, complete and balanced mastery of relevant knowledge. Basic knowledge and non-transmission knowledge is generally less than 50%, lower than that of transmission knowledge. There are a considerably high proportion of people who have sex with other women besides their wives, even with prostitutes. Those whose sexual partners are not fixed account for nearly half. They have sex with other women besides their wives very frequently. And less than 20% of them use condom every time. After the health education intervention, obvious improvement of known rate and averaged points in such aspects as basic knowledge, transmission knowledge, non-transmission knowledge of AIDS prevention can be seen in the group of construction workers of different ages, education background and state of marriage, which have the statistical significance(p<0.05). The proportion of people who have sex with other women besides their wives and who go to prostitutes when they have sexual needs has come down, and the differences between before and after the intervention have the statistical significance(p<0.05). But the change of other behaviors is still not obvious. No matter which form of face-to-face propaganda and education is taken, above 90% of the workers who participate can remember or assumable remember the knowledge that is propagandized. The most acceptable way for construction workers is watching disks, and then knowledge lectures, knowledge handbooks, drawing broads and knowledge contests. Groups of different ages and education background accept different forms in the five kinds of face-to-face propaganda and education: Young people accept disks the most and handbooks the least; People in prime of life and at middle age accept knowledge lectures the most and knowledge contests the least; Old people accept handbooks and disks the most and knowledge contests the least; People with college diploma accept handbooks and drawing broads the most; People with the diploma of senior high school accept handbooks the most; People with the diploma of junior middle school and elementary school accept knowledge lectures the most and uneducated people accept disks the most.Due to the lack of knowledge and skills to prevent AIDS, little consciousness of self-protection, the dangerous conditions of extramarital sex, commercial sex, multiple sexual partner and low rate of condom use, as well as the unchangeable actuality of travelling backwards and forwards between villages and cities, construction workers are easier to catch AIDS and they have become the bridge of spreading AIDS from high risk group to ordinary people. As a result, they are the weak and disadvantaged group of the infection and transmission of AIDS. And to them, comprehensive and systematic measures should be taken to carry out the AIDS prevention. The intervention of health education, quite acceptable in construction workers, is an effective way to popularize the knowledge of preventing AIDS in construction workers, improve their ability of self-protection, in order to contain the spreading of AIDS. In accordance with the features of construction workers, carrying out focused intervention of health education of preventing AIDS can rapidly improve by a large amount the knowledge level of AIDS prevention, so as to change their behaviors and effectively prevent the spreading of AIDS from high risk group to ordinary people and finally contain the spreading of AIDS. It is worth popularizing in other similar key groups of AIDS infection and spread.