The Design And The Application Of Food Frequency Questionnaire And International Physical Activity Questionnaire In Different Population

Background: With the rapid development of economy, the standard of living in urban and rural residents has improved a lot. Lifestyle disease has become one of the most serious problems to our health. Diet structure and physical activity are the two basal determinal factors to lifestyle disease. However, there is no study combine these two factors with each other for systemical evaluation. Objectives:â‘ The study was to establish a method for diet structure and physical activity evaluation which adapt to the habit of Chinese people;â‘¡To make quantitative analysis of diet structure and physical activity status, to evaluate the interference of diet structure and physical activity to lifestyle disease and metabolizability of blood sugar and blood lipid level. Provide a basal foundation of primary and secondary prevention for lifestytle disease. Methods:â‘ A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) which adapt to the diet habit of Chinese people was established and the validity and reproducibility was evaluated in 101 college students. The study participants completed a FFQ and a 3-day food record (3-DR) at baseline for validity study, and a second FFQ was administered 3 weeks later for reproducibility study.â‘¡An international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) was translated and amended. The reproducibility was evaluated in 101 college students. The study participants completed an IPAQ at baseline, and a second IPAQ was administered 3 weeks later for reproducibility study.â‘¢The FFQ and IPAQ were applied in different population to validate the practicability. Results:â‘ The Spearman rank correlation coefficient for energy and nutritents intakes of the two FFQs was 0.422-0.727 with hige significance (P<0.001). The Spearman rank correlation coefficient for energy and nutritents intakes of FFQ and 3-DR was 0.365-0.576 with hige significance (P<0.001).â‘¡The Spearman rank correlation coefficient for energy expenditure was 0.626 with hige significance (P<0.001).â‘¢The FFQ and IPAQ were applied in urban and rural residents of Panzhihua and city residents of Shanghai. The energy intakes had no significant difference among the three areas (P>0.05) while the energy expenditure of Shanghai residents was higher than those of urban and rural residents of Panzhihua (P<0.05). The fat intakes of Shanghai residents were higher than those of urban and rural residents of Panzhihua (P<0.05) while the dietary fiber intakes were lower than them (P<0.05). At the same time, the fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level in Shanghai residents were higher than those of urban and rural residents of Panzhihua (P<0.05) while the TC level in urban residents of Panzhihua was higher than rural residents.â‘£The FFQ and IPAQ were applied in young people in Shanghai. The energy percentage provided by fat was higher than 30% in yang people of Shanghai, and it was higher than referenced nutrition intake (RNI). The cholesterol intakes were high (>300mg/d) while the diat fiber intakes were low (<20g/d). Energy expenditure is an indentpent protective factor for overweight and obesity after Logistic regression analysis, and the risk of overweight or obesity became 0.999 of before with 1Met-min energy expenditure increased. The participants were categorized as high energy intakes and high energy expenditures by cluster analysis, the participants of high energy intakes had higher body mass index (BMI) than the participants of high energy expenditures (P<0.01), and the incidence of overweight and obesity was also highter (P<0.01). Results:â‘¡The FFQ and IPAQ had a high reproducibility, and the validity of FFQ reached the basal requirement. They can be applied in population as a diet and physical activity evaluative method.â‘¡The blood lipid lever was interferenced by the lifestyle of the residents in that area, and the incidence of overweight and obesity will be decreased from balance diet and active exercise. Therefore, balance diet, active exercise and changing of bad lifestyle were encouraged in residents.