| Objective To synthetically evaluate the present situations, including the financing funds and the running status, the documents of implementary schemes and the actual compensating status, the degree of benefiting participants, the appraisement to the he New Rural Cooperative Medical Systems (abbr. NCMS) from different interviewees since the NCMS was set up in Songming county and Shilin county of Kunming. To discuss some countermeasures and propositions which are suited for the local real situation, and to provide scientific reference for NCMS.Methods We adopted epidemiological cross-sectional study method to do it. The data were from annual report forms and questionnaires, such as The Report Forms of The Basic NCMS Information in Yunnan, The Questionnaires of The County Basic Situation, etc in two sample counties. They includ the documents of implementary schemes, the proportion of taking part in NCMS, financing funds, the derated fee of out-patient, the reduction of hospitalization charges, etc. Meanwhile, the participants of NCMS who sampled through stratified sampling and simple random sampling in 2 sample counties were interviewed in order to know their comments and suggestions toward NCMS by using a questionnaire questioned in their homes. The sampled cadres of party and government administrators and medical staffs in the counties, townships and villages were investigated in order to know their appraisements toward NCMS by the method of face to face investigation and the method of deeply interviewing to individual.Results The rate of taking part in NRMS in two counties were both very high (in2006 the rate in Shilin county was 96.23 %, the rate in Songming county was 93.15 %; in2007 the rate in Shilin county was 91.07 %, the rate in Songming county was 89.69 %).The funds-raising has been ready, but utilization rate of funds.in the two counties are low.In 2006, the utilization rate of funds in Shilin county was 49.85%, that in Songming county was 56.22 %;In 2007, the utilization rate funds Shilin county was 47.76 %, that in Songming county was 43.21 %.In 2006, There were 90.1% of the patients and 93.94% of implementary funds to flow into the county level medical institutions in Shilin county ; There were 76.07% of the patients and 83.98 % of implementary funds to flow into the county level medical institutions in Songming county; In 2007, There are 90.34 % of the patients and 95.08 % of implementary funds to flow the county level medical institutions in Shilin county ;There are Songming County had 77.57 % of the patients and 83.52% of implementary funds to flow the county level medical institutions in Songming county . The benefit rates from NCMS was low for the farmers taken part in the NCMS (In 2006 the rate in Shilin county was14.4 %, and the rate in Songming county was 15.4%. In 2007 the rate in Shilin county was 12.3 %, and that in Songming county was 14.9 %. The derated fee of out-patients and the reduction of hospitalization charges are lower than the standard 10-20%. In Shilin county, the factors which influence the participates to select to see doctor in Village Health Room included the attitude of doctors, fees and charges for medical treatment, distance from home, waiting time, equipment, medical treatment available, the trust to doctors, the medicine needed.In Songming county, the factors which influence the participates to select to see doctor in Village Health Room included the attitude of doctor, charges, whether they can get convenient medical services, equipments, the medicine needed.Conclusion The NCMS framework and running mechanism had been formed basically in the two sample counties. Since the NCMS practiced two years ago, the rate of taking part in the NCMS was very high, the phenomena that farmers become poor or return the status of poverty because of illness had been relieved at some extent, the health awareness of peasants had been strengthened and the total status of county-level point medical institutions had been improved. However, many aspects of NCMS, such as the system of administration, the fund-raising mechanism, the documents of implementary schemes, the degree of benefiting participants, impartiality and the quality of service from township and village point medical institutions, still needed to adjust and consummate.
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