| Objectives: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder, its etiologyand pathogenesis still remain elusive. The genetic factor is very important in kinds of etiology and pathogenesis. Some scholars deemed that the defect of the neuroethology might have the genetic predisposition for schizophrenia. It mainly showed the functional disturbance of recognition. The event-related potentials P300 was a dependable method to research the cognition function. At present, the conclusion of event-related potentials P300 which is the genetic markers or the state markers is different. But the objects of most studies are the schizophrenia patients personally. We detected the event-related potentials P300 for the schizophrenic patients and their first-degree relatives, in order to approach whether the event-related potentials P300 was the genetic markers or the state markers in schizophrenia, and study the etiology and the diagnose and the prevention of the schizophrenia.Methods: Forty schizophrenic patients were consecutively recruited fromthe inpatients of the Department of psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital. They all met CCMD-3 criteria for schizophrenia. 20 males and 20 females were included, the average age was (29.58±8.72) years and the age was ranged from 17 to 49 years. None of the patients had other psychiatric or somatic diseases. They were examined by the event-related potentials P300 and assessed with PANSS. Thirty-three first-degree relatives of the schizophrenic patients were consecutively recruited with no any psychiatric or severe somatic diseases. They included 16 males and 17 females. Their ages ranged from 24 to 64 years with mean age (51.00±9.59) years. Forty healthy control subjects with no individual and familial history of mental illness were recruited. They included 20 males and 20 females. Their ages ranged from 20 to 43 years with mean age (28.00±5.16) years. The event-related potentials P300 of the relatives and control subjects were examined respectively. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS15.0 in the computer. By Chi-square test and analysis of variancerespectively, the sex matched(x~2 =0.021, P>0.05),and the age didn't matched (F=91.617,P=0.000) among three groups. The analysis of covariance was used to contrast the event-related potentials P300 of three groups for the age not being matched. Independent-Samples t-test was used to contrast parameters of the event-related potentials P300 between the positive and negative patients group. The correlation between the event-related potentials P300 and PANSS was performed using the Spearman correlation analysis.Results : (1) The N2 latency(300.857±40.087ms) and P3 latency(365.814±35.887ms)of the patients group were both significant delayed compared with the control group(244.763±21.773ms,P<0.01;319.477±23.239ms,P<0.01 respectively). The N2> P3 latency of the relatives group had no difference with the control group(P>0.05). The patients group was significant different with the relatives group in the N2,P3 latency(P<0.01).The amplitude P3 of the patients and relatives group(3.833±2.419μv,3.313±1.642μv respectively) were both significant difference with the control group(5.160±2.660μv,P<0.05). The patients group wasn't different with the relatives group in the P3 amplitude (P>0.05). (2) The N2,P3 latency and P3 amplitude of the negative group was significant longer and lower than the positive group(t=2.445,P=0.022;t=2.662,P=0.011 ;t=2.312,P=0.026 respectively).(3)In patients group, the P3 amplitude had significant negative correlation with the negative scores (r=-0.360, P<0.05).The N2 and P3 latency had significant positive correlation with the negative scores (r=0.379, r=0.319 respectively; P<0.05).Conclusions: The study supported the following points : (1) The P3amplitude were possibly the genetic markers of the schizophrenia, but the N2,P3 latency were possibly the state markers of the schizophrenia. The event-related potentials P300 were possibly the mixed markers of the schizophrenia. (2) The negative symptom might possess genetic predisposition. (3) The event-related potentials P300 was a dependable method to research the cognitive function of the schizophrenia patients.
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