| Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of melatonin on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in rats with ischemia reperfusion injury (RIR).Methods 24 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into two groups---group A and group B. RIR model was induced in the left eyes by increasing the pressure of the anterior chamber. Group A were treated with 10% alcohol-natrii chloridum 1ml/ (kg·d) i.p, Group B were treated with 0.5% MT 1ml/ (kg·d) i.p (=5mg/ (kg·d) i.p). According to the time interval between the left eyes RIR and the sacrifice, both group A and group B were further divided into three subgroups: A1 and B1 (days 7), A2 and B2 (days 14), A3 and B3 (days 30), 4 rats in each subgroup. Seven days before sacrificed, 3% Fluorogold was injected into superior colliculi and geniculate body bilaterally. The eyes were enucleated after the rat was sacrificed, and flat mounts of the retina from both eyes were prepared on a slide and observed under a fluorescence microscope. Four photos were taken from each of the four quadrants of the retina. The labeled RGCs were counted by a computerized image analyzer. The labeled RGCs rate was used for statistical analysis (the labeled RGCs rate=number of RGCs in injured eye/ control eye*100%).Result In group A, the labeled RGCs rate was (77.16±6.35)%,(65.53±7.01)%,(53.85±4.38)% on day 7,dayd 14, and day 30. In group B, the labeled RGCs rate was (81.33±9.27)%,(79.80±8.36)%,(80.34±11.05)% on day 7,dayd 14, and day 30. In group B, which was treated with MT after RIR, the labeled RGCs rate was significantly higher than that of group A on day 14 and day 30(LSD test, p<0.05).Conclusion In the RIR rats, MT therapy can increase the survival rate of the RGCs and can rescue and restore the injured RGCs.
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