| During nuclear power plants are running correctly, the effluence of tritium is one of thenuclides which effect environment. HTO, whether in liquid or gaseous state, is a veryimportant radioactive effluence in PHWR nuclear power plant. HTO is absorbed easily byhuman body and lead to internal irradiation. Measurement of tritium in urine is aprevalent-adopted method that used to evaluate the level of tritium internal irradiation.There are two main purpose of my work. One of those is offering an rapid,convenient andcredible sample pretreatment method for tritium routine monitoring of professionalworkers in nuclear power plant especially as well as to emergency monitoring in massaccidental tritium exposure. The other one is to evaluate and demonstrate the safety ofworkplace that related to tritium by calculating internal irradiated doses according to thedata of urine tritium gained from professional workers in certain PWR and PHWR nuclearpower plants.We studied two aspects of monitoring professional workers' urine tritiumconcentration in nuclear power plants. Firstly, we have made some improvement onpretreatment of urine samples. This study used a method called color-quenchingcalibration in the pretreatment and LSC measurement of samples from ten persons thatadded some tritium artificially in advance. Meanwhile, we compare it with the method ofdistillation and find out that color-quenching calibration is more rapid and convenient onprocessing consequently. Choosing significance level is 0.05, the data obtained show thatthere is no significant difference between two methods. Therefore, color-quenchingcalibration fits massive urine tritium monitoring in brief time and it can be used as themain method to routine monitoring of tritium in urine of nuclear facilities. The other partof this work is we have collected and measured the urine samples of professional workersin both PWR and PHWR nuclear power plants. As a result, the accumulated-effectivedoses for fifty years by tritium of professional workers in PHWR nuclear power plantsare 10~2～10~4 times higher than those in PWR nuclear power plants. |
