Study On Kidney Function To The Workers Occupationally Exposed To Arsenic

ObjectiveArsentic is a kind of poisonous metal-liked element and exists in the in the naturewidly, is one of ordinary industry poisons. Because the function of arsenic is extremelyduplicate,and the poisonous mechanism still not clear. Also, the arsenic could beaccumulated in the body, and it is irreversible in clinic, there is no sensitive, specialearly method at present, therefore the human body arsenic content as well as themoitoring indexes reflection arsenic toxic biology effect draw much attention. Only inthe sub-clinical stage, early detection of occupational hazards in a timely manner toprevent and treat it. ensure that workers can be no clinical damage. We detection andcomparison of arsenic in the urine of workers exposed to arsenic with indicators ofrenal dysfunction such as the alpha-1-microglobulin(α₁-MG),β₂-microglobulin(β₂-MG), retinol-binding protein(RBP), total protein (TPU), microalbuminuria (MAU),N-acetyl-β₂-D-glucosaminidase (NAG). Discussion on workers occupationallyexposed to arsenic toxicity and biochemical indicators of kidney sensitivity, Toxicarsenic to seek early detection of renal injury indicators for monitoring the health ofworkers exposed to occupational arsenic, provide a basis for early diagnosis.Material and Methods1,Study objects101 male workers(aged 21-51)who worked in bolling workshop of a smelter plant, the lenghth of service operations exposed to arsenic is about 1～25 years. According tothe urine arsenic content, the workers exposed to arsenic will be divided into twogroups, urinary arsenic content in exposed group 1 is less than 0.1mg/L, and that isgreater than 0.1mg/L in exposed group 2. 63 workers of the Factory machineryprocessing workshops were selected as a control group, all male, aged between 20 and58 years old. The three research groups through a questionnaire survey by measuringurine, urine protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) exclude persons withkidney disease.2,Samples collectingCollecting blood samples in the morning, centrifuged to test later, and randomurine samples were collected morning to test urine arsenic and other indicators.3,The experimental indexes and the determination methodDetermination of urinary arsenic is using hydride generation-atomic fluorescencespectrometry; Urineα₁-MG,β₂-MG with RIA assay. RBP, MAU adoptedimmunohistochemical assay. NAG by velocity method; Determination of urinary TPwith ending-point method. Blood, urine Cr using enzyme-end test. BUN withurease-UV velocity method. All values are expressed as per gram of urine creatininefrom the corresponding results.4,Main reagents and drugsArsenic standard solution (1000ug/ml), nitric acid, sulfuric acid, perchloric acid,thiourea,α-MG,β₂-MG RIAkit, NAG kit TPU kit RBE MAU immune urbidimetryAssay Kits.5,EquipmentTBA-120FR automatic biochemical analyzer equipment. AFS-230E two atomicfluorescence spectrometer, computer systems and arsenic hollow cathode lamp,adjustable electric heating plate, FJ-2008PS g RIA counting device, 2130/C electronicbalance. 6,Statistical analysisthe data were expressed as (?)±s, processing and analysis used SPSS 11.5 software.Application of multiple analysis of variance between the groups, the rate comparedwithx² test. The relationship between urinary arsenic with the linear correlation analysis.P＜0.05 significant difference, P＜0.01 difference was great significant.Results1,Determination of urinary arsenic in each group of workers exposed to arsenic andservice results;urinary arsenic in exposure group 1, group 2 was significantly higher than that incontrast. That in exposed group2 was significantly higher than that of exposure groupl,the difference was significant(P＜0.01). Three groups have no significant differencecompared to service length.2,Each group NAG;α₁-MG,β₂-MG; TPU, MAU, RBP results;in exposed group2,the levels of NAG,α₁-MG,β₂-MG, TPU, MAU, RBP weresignificantly higher than the control group, the difference was significant(P＜0.01); inthe exposed groupl, the NAG;α₁-MG,β₂-MG; TPU, RBP levels were significantlyhigher than that in control group. The difference was significant(P＜0.01). the level ofurine MAU in exposed groupl revealed no significant difference in the control group.MAU urine, RBP values did not exceed the normal range.3,Positive rate of NAG;α₁-MG,β₂-MG; TPU of the workers exposed to arsenicthe positive rate of NAG were significantly higher than the other three indicators.The difference was significant (P＜0.05). Two indicators combined detection rate wasnot obviously increased. Three indexes (NAG+α₁-MG+β₂-MG) positive rate of hadsignificant difference with single index (P＜0.05), and four positive detection rate madeno significantly difference.4,Correlation analysis The arsenic levels in the urine of workers exposed to arsenic is associated withthe levels of NAG;α₁-MG,β₂-MG, RBP, MAU, TPU. r=0.565, 0.445, 0.512,0.520, 0.390,0.385 (P＜0.01). No correlation between urinary arsenic levels with theservice.DiscussionThe study found that urine arsenic in workers exposed to arsenic significantlyhigher than that in control group. Show that urine arsenic may be a biomarkersreflecting the level of occupational arsenic exposure. The urinary arsenic content wasnot correlated with the length of service, demonstrated in vivo accumulation of arsenicand arsenic content in urine is not parallel. NAG;α₁-MG,β₂-MG; TPU, MAU. RBP inworkers exposed to arsenic were higher, and increased gradually with urinary arsenicincreased. Noted occupational workers exposed to arsenic had kidney damage, NAG;α₁-MG,β₂-MG, TPU as a good indicator of early renal damage. There was nosignificant difference of the level ofα₁-MG in exposed groupl and 2, indicateα₁-MG isa sensitive marker of renal injury early, but could not reflect the extent of renal injury.RBP, MAU levels did not exceed normal reference values showed that the RBP, MAUcan not be used as a indicator of early renal damage. The positive rate of NAG isgreatthan that of,α₁-MG,β₂-MG; TPU, exceeds the normal limit. Shows NAG is theindicator of kidney dysfunction earlier, workers exposed to arsenic can be used asindicators of renal injury screening. Positive rate of two indicators detection rate didnitincreased. Three indexes (NAG+α₁-MG+β₂-MG) markedly improved. Therefore,NAG,α₁-MG,β₂-MG maybe sensitive index of Occupational exposed to arsenic. Thefour combined detection rate was not obvious. The study also found that the tubularinjury indicators such as NAG;α₁-MG,β₂-MG change significantly, and the indicatorsreflect glomerular injury MAU not change significantly. ConclusionsThis study showed that NAG,α₁-MG,β₂-MG, TPU is a better indicator of the earlydetection of renal injury in workers exposed to arsenic. NAG which can be used asscreening targets. If detection combine with NAG,α₁-MG,β₂-MG, the positive rate mayincrease; urine MAU, RBP can not be used as indicators screening of renal injury inworkers exposed to arsenic.