| There are about 20 species of genus Patrinia Juss. (Valerianaceae) all over the world which are wildly distributed in the east of Asia, and northwest regions of North America. Ten species, three subspecies and two variant species are distributed in China, mainly growing in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Neimenggu, Hebei and Shanxi Provinces of China. Many of them have long been used as folk medicine in China for treatment of various diseases including inflammation, detoxification, antibacterial, sedation and antispasmodic. The studies on the genus have begun since 1969, and so far, only seven species were investigated. The main chemical constituents are triterpenoids, iridoids, coumarins, flavonoids and sterols.In this paper, we studied the chemical constituents of the roots of Patrinia rupestris (Pall.) Juss. (collected from Xinmi area of Henan Province), 40 compounds have been isolated by means of silica gel column chromatography (CC), preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) and recrystallization. The structures of 30 compounds have been elucidated mainly as iridoids, triterpenoids and sterols on the basis of spectroscopic methods (IR, UV, EI-MS, FAB-MS, HR-ESI-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, 1H-1H COSY, HMBC, HSQC, NOESY, NOE) and by comparison with authentic samples or with the data from the literatures. Among them, five iridoids and one triterpenoid are new compounds. Furthermore, the bioactivities of some compounds were studied, the results of bioactivities assay indicated that compounds 1.1, 1.4 and 1.10 had significant antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, compounds 1.2 and 1.3 exhibited significant antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus.The research references of genus Patrinia Juss. were reviewed from 1969 to 2004.Results of this investigation were expected to afford important academic basis for the studying bioactive chemical constituents of traditional Chinese medicine, and utilizing and developing the plant resources of our county.
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