An Analysis Of Current Status And Prospect Of Bio-Nano-Materials

Nano-scale Science and Technology have made fast progresses since 1980's and attracted intensive interest in various research fields. Nanostructured biomaterials have shown great potential promising application values in the biomedical fields for their new functionality and excellent properties. Over the last years, the theoretical and experimental studies of nanostructured biomaterials have been highly focused on, and the importance of nucleic acids and protein as bio-nano-materials to the fundamental development in biology and nano-materials has begun to be recognized. In particular, biochemisty, biophysics, biomechanics, thermodynamics and electronic magnetic properties of nucleic acids and proteins as well as intelligent composite biological materials have become a new interdisciplinary frontier in life science and material science. There is an increasing need for a more systematic study of the basic issues involved in nanostructured biomaterials. Great advances have been made in nano-bio-label materials, nano-bio-magnetic materials, nano-motor, nano-bio-repair materials, interface biomaterials and nano-biosensor.Nanogold labelling technology is one of the four main mmurolabelling techniques. The semi-conduct or nanocrystals of gold or silver behave highly photo chemical stability with an arrow, tunable, symmetric emission spectrum, exhibit a wide range of size dependent properties. They show special physical and chemical characteristics, which will improve the sensitivity and stability of biological detective.Nano-bio-magnetic materials are different from its original material in aspect of the volume effect. Because the powder behaves bizarre physical and chemical characters in aspect of catalyst, photo electricity magnetism and mechanics, it is of important applied value.The development of biological and medical measurement is improved by nanotechology. Some biosensors and image biosensors with submicron or nanometer dimension had been developed at present. The advantages of those sensors are: less sample volume, high resolution, quick response, and small dimension. As a result, the cell could be detected with less damage or vivo noninvasion.The research of new materials and techniques repair defect and deformity of bone tissue, which caused by various disease, is an important challenge in life science and biomaterial science. Nano-bio-repair materialsals such as nano-structured ceramic, nano-structured carbon, nano-structured polymers, and nano-structured composite etal, have particular physical, chemical, mechanical properties and biocompatibility, which lead to many important applications in biomimetic engineering.In this thesis, some basic concepts of nano-structured material and the main advances in this field are briefly introduced. Current applications in biological and medical area are intensively discussed, several proposals for the research and development of new materials are described and discussed.