| Background: Epilepsy is a complex clinical syndrome that has severely affected human health. Therefore, how to prevent and treat epilepsy has become a problem that needs solving as soon as possible. The existing antiepileptic drugs can not prevent and cure epilepsy completely for some reasons such as their simplex mechanism. In order to prevent and cure epilepsy entirely, we should take various measures to intervene in epilepsy. Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is composed of multiplicate components, so it may affect various targets and prevent and treat epilepsy more effectively.Objective: In order to evaluate the effects of GBE on epilepsy and discuss the possible mechanism, we employed Lithium-Pilocarpine Seizures(LPS) rat model to investigate the effects of GBE on behaviors, electroencephalogram(EEG) and the neurons and the immunoreactivity of astrocytes in hippocampal formation of LPS rats through pre-treatment and post-treatment adminstration modes. We expect to put forward a more safety and effective drug for the prevention and treatment of epilepsy and provide experimental proof and guidance for the application of GBE preparation to the prevention and treatment of clinical epilepsy.Method: We selected healthy male adult Sprague-Dawley white rats as research objects. All drugs were administered intraperitoneally. One hundred and twenty rats were divided into five groups randomly: normal saline control group(n=6), GBE control group(n=6), LPS group(n=36), GBE pre-treatment group(n=36), GBE post-treatment group(n=36). The latter three groups were divided into six subgroups according to the different sacrificed time point: that is 3h, 1d, 3d, 7d, 14d, 60d after pilocarpine administration, each subgroup is composed of six rats. The changes of behaviors and EEG of rats from various groups were recorded and the sections in dorsal hippocampus were Nissl-stained and immunohistochemistry-stained by c-Fos protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).Results:1. Behaviors: normal saline control group and GBE control group: all 0 stage. The rate of seizure stage≥4 of LPS group, GBE pre-treatment group and GBE post-treatment group was 91.67%, 5.56% and 86.11% respectively. The mortality of LPS group, GBE pre-treatment group and GBE post-treatment group was 11.11%, 0 and 8.33% respectively. The rearing latency of LPS group, GBE pre-treatment group and GBE post-treatment group was 30.38±12.01min, 95.00±46.67min and 30.75±12.92 min respectively. There were significant differences in the rate of seizure stages ≥4 and seizure stages between GBE pre-treatment group and LPS group. The effective rate of GBE pre-treatment and post-treatment administration against LPS was 94.44% and 35.48% respectively.2. EEG: The EEG of normal saline control group and GBE control group was normal. The frequency was increased and the amplitude of waves was elevated on the EEG of LPS group. And there were multiple spikes waves discharges or paroxysmal and continual spikes clusters discharges on the EEG of LPS group. There was only increasing frequency and but no spike discharges on the EEG of pre-treatment group. The EEG of post-treatment group is similar to that of LPS group.3. Pathomorphology(1) Nissl staining: Compared with normal saline control group, the numbers of neurons in CA1, CA3, dentate hilus of the hippocampal formation of LPS group rats were significantly decreased 14d and 60d after pilocarpine administration. Compared with LPS group, the number of neurons in the three main subfields of hippocampal formation of rats from GBE pre-treatment group increased significantly. But there was no difference between GBE post-treatment group and LPS group.(2) c-Fos protein immunohistochemistry staining: There were no c-Fos proein immunoreactivity(IR) positive cells in the hippocampal formation of normal saline control group, GBE control group and GBE pre-treatment group 3h after pilocarpine administration. But there were c-Fos-IR positive cells in the hippocampal formation of LPS group and GBE post-treatment g...
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