| This study is on the relationship between Umbilical blood lead levels(CBPb) ,as an indicator for intrauterine exposure to lead, and the development of infants .Objective:By investigating the level of blood lead(CBPb) among umbilical blood to recognize the dynamic tendency of CBPb and to study its related factors .To assess the affects of low lead on neurobehavioral development at newborn and 3 months of age. Through the study to identify if the development of infants would be adversely effected when their umbilical blood lead level below 100μg/L.To study the effects of low lead on physical development.To study the relationship between CBPb and umbilical blood calcium(CBCa),iron(CBFe),zinc levels(CBZn) and to identify if CBPb were inversely related with CBCa ,CBFe ,CBZn.Subjects and Methods:One hundred and twenty-eight specimens of umbilical cord blood were collected at delivering from ShanXi Children and Maternal Health Care Hospital and JieXiu Children and Maternal Health Care Hospital seperately. One hundred and four cases were qualified. Blood lead level were determined with graphite stove atom absorption spectrotometry (AAS) and the concentration of calcium,iron and zinc were also measured. Data were analyzed with correlation ,partial correlation and independent-sample t-test.Survey on household social and environmental health status was conducted with a face-to-face questionaire. Data were analyzed with linear regression to find the factors that affected the CBPb significantly. Through this analysis, regression equation could be obtained. Birth weight,height were measured as indicators for physical growth. Neonatal neurobehavioral development scores(NBNA),mental development index(MDI) and psychomotor development(PDI) of three months old were determined as indicators for neurobehavioral development. All specimens were divided into two groups at P50 and three groups at P30 and P70 CBPb level. All indicators were analyzed with independent-sample t-test and anova to find differences between groups.Results:The CBPb in one hundred cases showed positive skewness distribution with a range of 27.25μg/L to 119.85μg/L , a mean of 53.26μg/L and a standard deviation of 17.24μg/L. Cases with cord blood lead level exceeding the safety criteria of 100μg/L accounted for 2.0 percent of the total.There was definite relationship between CBPb and CBFe,CBCa. CBFe with CBPb above 51.15μg/L tended to be lower compared with those CBPb below 51.15μg/L.The study also found that pregnant women with old age, unbalanced diet nutritient composition during pregnancy, father with old age and severe environmental pollution in their residential area all were risk factors and calcium supplyment during pregnancy was protective factor for lead exposure. Multipal linear regression analysis revealed that contribution of maternal age, calcium supplement ,diet nutritient composition during pregnency and severe environmental pollution in their residential area were still statistically significant after adjusting other confounding factors.Mental development index(MDI) and psychomotor development((PDI) of three months old were inversely related with CBPb. MDI with CBPb above 50.35μg/L tended to be lower compared with those CBPb below 50.35μg/L. MDI, PDI with CBPb above 64.83μg/L tended to be lower compared with those CBPb below 37.81μg/L. The differences remained statistically significant after controlling for potential confounding factors.Conclusions: The study showed that the effect of barrier of placenta to lead is obviously incomplete, intrauterine exposure to lead could cause adverse effects on fetal development. Furthermore, when the lead exposure was about 50.35μg/L, it could be harmful to early infant development. The study also found that pregnant women with old age, unbalanced diet nutritient composition during pregnancy and severe environmental pollution in their residential area all were risk factors and calcium supplyment during pregnancy was protective factor for lead e... |
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