| BackgroundPrimary glomerulonephritis take the biggest proportion in ESRD in our country. The patients with ESRD often suffered from glomerulonephritis in teenage, and renal failure in young. Then the patients couldn't work as usually and even live independently. The medical costs of patients will be very large, and a patient at least costs fifty thousands Yuan only for dialysis treatment every year. Considering most of the patients are in their golden age in creating wealth, the loss to their family and country are much huge.In most cases, it is a chronic course from glomerulonephritis to ESRD. The pathological phenomena mainly are renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis. There are close relationship between pathology and renal failure, especially renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In early stage of renal fibrosis, mononuclear cells infiltrating, epithelial cells proliferating occur first, then, stimulated by cytokines and growth factors, myofibroblast proliferate and secrete extra cellular matrix (ECM) overmuch, and at last, renal fibrosis happen. The main pathological feature of glomerulosclerosis are proliferation of renal inherent cells and increased secreting of ECM, among them, the role of proliferation of mesangial cells is particularly important.Glomerular mesangial cells are smooth muscle like cells which have similar cell biological properties with vascular smooth muscle cells. They provide structural and functional integrity to the glomerulus of the kidney. Mesangial cells, by contracting and relaxing the capillaries, likely influence the glomerular filtration rate by affecting the rate of plasma flow and filtration surface area. It is important to note the fact that there is no basement membrane between mesangial cells and the capillaries, unlike theepithelium and the capillaries. Due to connecting the capillary loops directly, mesangial cells are one of factors to keep filtration membrane structure and adjust the function of filtration membrane. Additionally, mesangial cells are the target site and site of production for various inflammatory agents, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and adhesion factors. The "cross talk" between inflammatory cells, inflammatory agents, mesangial cells and ECM leads to the approach of glomeruli injure.In pathologies involving mesangial cells, irrespective of the original insult, the outcome is usually an excessive mesangial proliferation and/or excessive matrix production resulting in glomerulosclerosis. Therefore, proliferation of MC plays the most important role in the early stage of renal fibrosis.According to recent years' studies, many factors influence proliferation of MC, for example, IL-1, IL-6, EGF, PDGF, endotheline promote proliferation of MC and synthesis of ECM, IL-10 and NO play the opposite role. The complex mechanism of initiating of MC is not completely known. Relatively thorough researchs have conducted in the changes of signal transduction pathways caused by IL-1, PDGF and TNF- .Though most of human cells express negative telomerase activity, it is activated in human immortal somatic cells like hemopoietic stem cells and sperms. Telomerase activity can be necessary for immortalization. Considering that telomerase activity was activated in most malignant tumor, telomerase activity can be necessary for tumor occurrence. However, recent researches found that telomerase activity was fined in some actively proliferating, but not immortalized somatic cells, and also in tissues of some benign, inflammatory disease, including rheumatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and atopic dermatitis. These findings suggest that telomerase activity is a biomarker of cell proliferation, not malignancy. Telomerase activity may play a role in the pathogenesis of cancer. There is still no report about relationship between telomerase activity and glomerulonephritis.KLT is an anti-tumor injection developed from traditional herb. It performs anti-tumor effect by inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells, promoting th... |
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