| The relationship between liver disease and endotoxemia is noticed recently. It is proved that all kinds of hepatic injury, especially acute hepatic failure (AHF), can lead to endotoxemia by a lot of animal tests and clinical studies. To prevent formation of endotoxemia is the important method to improve the prognosis of the patients with liver disease. In this study, we established the model of rats with AHF induced by thioacetamide (TAA), and detected the level of endotoxin in the portal vein to search for the reasons of endotoxin elevation. The preventive effect of Smecta, which is the protestant of gastrointestinal mucous membrane, was observed simultaneously.Materials and Methods1. Experimental animals65 SD female rats whose weights were 180~220g were divided into 3 groups randomly as normal control group (15), AHF group (25) and treatment group (25).2. Materials and methodsTAA was produced by the Central Chemical Plant of Shanghai Chemical Agents' Station, while Smecta was produced by Beaufour-IpsenPharmaceutical Company. They were dispensed to 30 mg/ml and 3g/50ml respectively.AHF group: TAA was given by subcutaneous injection, 300mg/kg, qd-X2d.Treatment group: Smecta was douched into stomach of the AHF rats, 2ml/once, bid.Normal control group: Saline was token to the place of TAA.3 groups were operated simultaneously. The experiment was done in 3rd day to continue the next test, before which needed fast for 12hrs. .3. Detection of endotoxin in portal vein and culture for gastrointestinal bacterial0.5ml blood was drawn from portal vein by aseptic manipulation for quantitative determination of endotoxin (Azo display method). At the same time, the total stomach, the proximal jejunum (10cm), and the distal jejunum (10cm) were douched by 5ml saline. The washing fluid (0.2ml) was inoculated into the common nutritional agar culture medium. After stained by eosin and methylene blue, the bacterial colony and enterobacter were counted respectively.4. Characteristics of pathologyThe gastrointestinal pathologic changes by naked eyes were observed firstly. Then the gastrointestinal samples were fixed by 10% formaldehyde and imbedded by paraffin. The sections were stained and microscopic examined.5. Statistic analysisThe statistic data were expressed as media and standard deviation(X?S) and t test were used. P<0.05 means significant, while P<0.01 means very significant.Results And Discussion1. Animal observationAfter injected subcutaneously with TAA, the AHF rats and the treated rats appeared depressed and appetite reduce. After injected two times, the rats showed reduced activity and reactive depression. Some rats refused eating and developed gradually to somnolence. The AHF rats were more obviously. Nine rats die in AHF group and five die in treatment group after three days. These suggest TAA injected sub cutaneously can lead the rats to AHF. The clinical situation of AHF rats were more serious, and the death rate were higher than the treatment group.2. Concentration of endotoxin in portal veinThe concentration of endotoxin in the three groups was seperately 29.33 + 18.50ng/L in control group; 105.81+ 18.82ng/L in AHF group (striking difference from the control group, PO.01), 74.20 +21.38ng/L in treatment group (Striking difference from the AHF group, P<0.01). Since the endotoxin in portal vein comes from intestinal tract.The concentration of endotoxin in portal vein can reflect the condition of production and absorption of endotoxin. Our research showed that in AHF group, the concentration of endotoxin in portal vein increase significantly, which suggested that the endotoxemia result from the increasing production and absorption of endotoxin in gut. In AHF rats treated with smecta, there was low level endotoxin in portal vein,which suggest that smecta can reduced the endotoxin level significantly.3. Bacteria culture in stomach and small intestineThe results of bacteria culture in stomach and small intestine were?listed as following...
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