| Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is not only the world's fourth largest crop but also one of our important crops, and malting, feed and food value, and has high drought, low temperature and salinity capacity. Middle East, Mesopotamia and the surrounding areas (Fertile Crescent) is one of the centers of origin of barley, wild barley populations in the long process of evolution created the environment to adapt to specific genotype in the Middle East, while parts of the world also has rich resources of barley, Genetic breeding and biotechnology is an important material basis for research. Purpose of this study is to introduce outside the rational use of barley germplasm accumulated data and provide a theoretical basis, the improvement of foreign germplasm and breeding science in the use of the service, and attempt to establish a screening and identification of indicators and evaluation methods in order to promote Genetic Merit rules and mechanism. Shows how to make better use of foreign germplasm resources, promote the establishment of the introduction of the genetic diversity of barley mechanism is before us these important issues. The main results are as follows:1. On resources in different parts of the phenotypic differences between barley comprehensive analysis of barley varieties under 107 (lines) and other major agronomic traits of the survey to compare their growth characteristics and growth areas in Shaanxi Yangling performance, evaluation of its adaptability comparison. Through principal component analysis showed that five principal components can represent the integrated barley 91.0268 12 phenotypic variables the raw data volume of information. Fuzzy membership function values WPGMA clustering metric D can be divided into four 107 class materials, clustering results can reflect the introduction of germplasm resources, breeding and distribution of regional characteristics, including better overall performance of wild populations, in Variety have high value in use.2. All contacts with intron primers (intron-splice junction primer) and long random primers PCR molecular markers for different countries and regions, the genetic diversity of barley were tested. The results show that the use of six primers amplified clear bands of a stable,58 of which 44 (76%) were polymorphic. PCR amplified bands according to established [1,0] data matrix, using the data software NTSYSpc2.1 genetic similarity coefficient, the unweighted arithmetic average pair group method (UPGMA method) dendrogram constructed. The results showed that:different regions of barley varieties (lines) with high genetic diversity of wild and cultivated barley material (lines) and the farmers that genetic variation among species, genetic differences between the two after the second, all varieties (line) genetic differences between the small. These materials reflect the geographic distribution of the more obvious relations and regional characteristics.3. Petri dish germination and pot of different concentrations of NaCl stress on the introduction of foreign germplasm of 30 barley, of which 14 were cultivated barley, barley double haploid (Steptoe x Morex) 6 copies of wild barley 10. In the germination stage using 86 mM,171 mM,257 mM and 342 mM NaCl solution treatment, test results show that the varieties (lines) of Salt Tolerance from strong to weak to:Harrington, Barbican26, Tapgolbor, Steptoe, DH40> Schooner, ModabaLR25, Sloop, Kerabua29, Cyprus25,Clipper,22-55,22-28 ,22-30,22-43, DH116, DH126, DH66, DH55> Jrbid LR14, Khemus27, KoRv25,22-25> Prior24, Tabigha barley,22-42> DH127> Morex, To barley> Yahudiya; at different concentrations of NaCl, through the photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (GS), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), chlorophyll (Chl), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (Pro), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) determination, using principal component analysis and fuzzy membership function on the 30 imported barley varieties (lines) a comprehensive analysis of salt tolerance. The results show that:with the salt concentration increases, the introduction of barley varieties (lines) except SOD, CAT and Pro, the other indicators have declined compared with the control. According to comprehensive evaluation values obtained, the salt from strong to weak as:22-25,22-30, DH-116, Tabigha, Modaba,22-55, DH-55,22-28, Tarpgolbor, KoRv, KHEMUS, Steptoe, Harrington, Clipper, Jrbid, Cpyrus, DH-66, Prior, Morex,22-43, TObarley, Barbican,22-42, DH-40, Schooner, DH-127, Kerab, Sloop, Yahudiya, DH-126. Seedling salt tolerance of high performance materials, not necessarily in the bud the performance of high salt tolerance. Such as 22-25, DH-116 and Tabigha relatively salt-tolerant seedlings, while the general tolerance of jute. Vice versa, such as Harrington, Barbican and Tapgolbor. That of barley at different developmental stages vary its salt tolerance, salt tolerance of barley malt and salt tolerance has no necessary relation.4. By drought stress (drought stress, DS) and irrigation (well watered, WW) two treatments, using 120 DH lines as materials, height of the group height (PH), ear length (SL), ear The following section length (TFIL), kernels (MES), the main spike grain number (GPS), grain weight (WTG), row tillers (RT), effective tiller (MT), yield (YP) 9 orders of Genetic analysis of traits. The characters in both the drought factor (DRI) as a measure of drought tolerance of the DH system indicators, results demonstrate that the principal component analysis integrated into several different characters independent of the composite indicator, based on the comprehensive index of drought resistance traits contributions, membership function analysis using the strains calculated value of comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance (D value), presented five major drought response of barley principal component traits of drought tolerance in 120 DH lines comprehensive evaluation of sexuality. DH93 and DH55, etc., with strong drought resistance, DH29, DH2, DH103, DH88 and other drought resistance is low; in both water conditions, DH group phenotypic value of each log between their parents, and transgressive segregation occurred, the coefficient of variation between 5.34%～38.07%. DH population and their parents the value of the common phenotypic expression is higher than under rainfed conditions of normal irrigation. DH group and the hereditary traits of genes regulating the number of rain-fed and irrigated conditions are quite different. The results showed that:in the rain-fed conditions, the maximum height of heritability, was 0.68, while the lowest yield of 0.26, the other seven traits between. The irrigation of genetic advocated kernels highest,0.93, and minimum ear length, was 0.17, the other seven traits between. In rain-fed conditions (Y) according to the number of genes (X) linear regression equation Y=-0.0192X+0.7305 (r=-0.9351), regression coefficient-0.0192 and significant difference between 0 (t=-6.9824, df= 7), irrigation (Y) according to the number of genes (X) linear regression equation Y=-0.0172X+0.6934 (r=-0.8036), regression coefficient of-0.0172 and 0, significantly different (t=-3.5723, df= 7), show that the multi-gene traits susceptible to environmental influences, but also evidence that multiple genes genetics.②estimate the characteristics of skewness and kurtosis coefficient, analysis of genes influence the trait mode of action, results showed that:Irrigation control kernels, the main spike grain number of genes these traits exist between complementary and control of grain weight between the genes of this trait may not have interaction. Rainfed conditions, plant height and line number of effective tillers and more genes are complementary. |
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