Differences On Growth, Yield And Grain Quality Of Rice Transplanted By Rice Transplanter And Hand

With 6 widely used late-maturing medium japonica rice divided into 3 panicle types as test materials, the effects of yield and its formation , rice quality and nitrogen absorption between mechanical and hand transplanted were studied during the year 2006-2007, at Diaoyu Town, XingHua county, LiXiaHe area , Jiangsu province. The main results were as follows:1st, the machine planting rice different panicle types 's output is lower than the hand planting about 5%, the machine planting rice heavy panicle type output is highest, next medium panicle type, light panicle type third. In the output constitution factor, the machine planting rice's panicle number is higher than the hand planting rice, but the number of seeds per panicle obviously is lower than the hand planting rice, the fertility and the weight of a thousand seeds difference are not big, because the machine planting rice total glume flower quantity are few, the output is inferior to the hand planting rice.2nd, because broadcasts the time and the period of growth in the seedling field and so on factor, machine planted rice to form the characteristic bright minute tiller pattern. (1) machine plants an section of Honda to divide the tiller, its all minutes tillers nearly occur in Honda. Generally machine plants first order tiller position few 2, what namely reduction is 1, 2 effective tiller position, the highest invalid tiller position is not divided the tiller or the formation rate is low, single plant divides the tiller quantity to be small. In the life the minute tiller succession, and the relative centralism, mainly has a 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 first order tiller position order tiller and 3-1, 3-2, 4-1, 4-2, 5-1 second order tiller position tillers, a tiller is continual by the low position to the top digit various tillers rank tiller formation rate assumes the single peak curve, by 4, 5 tiller positions divides the tiller formation rate and the spike rate is high, but the community divides the tiller spike rate to be low. The machine planting rice divides the tiller to the output contribution is about 70%, but 4, 5 tiller position's contribution has surpassed 46.5-52.3%, and tiller higher grains per panicle number and single panicle weight are lower. (2) the hand transplanted rice to divide the tiller to the seedling field time and the Honda time, mainly has a 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 these 9 first order tiller position tiller and 5-1, 5-2, 6-1, 6-2, 7-1, 7-2, 8-1 second tiller position order tiller, Honda time tiller the quantity and the effective tiller quantity, account for the proportion to be higher than the seedling field time, therefore is two section of tiller Honda superiority, its plant tiller quantity, the spike rate to be higher than the machine planting rice. Because the individual divides the tiller pattern the characteristic immediate influence Honda's stem tiller tendency, after the machine planting rice seedling transplants, must increase the thick process through 1.5-2.5 maturity degree of young plants times to be able to divide the tiller, and after minute tiller, the community divides the tiller to increase the speed to be quick, assumes the straight line rise, suffices the seedling stage and the peak seedling stage compares the hand to plant the rice to have is ahead of time, and peak seeding are many, therefore stem tiller dynamic major rises and falls.In the different panicle types, the heavy panicle type and light panicle type both tiller position and plant tiller number to be more than the medium panicle type. First and second order tiller's spike rate, light panicle type > medium panicle type > heavy panicle type. Grains per number ,single panicle weight, 1000-grain weight and the fertility of first order tiller obviously is bigger than the second order tiller; First order tiller's different tiller position grains per panicle number ,single panicle weight has certain difference, take 4, 5, 6 three tiller positions tiller as the superiority, the 1000-grain weight and the fertility difference is not obvious.3rd, because the machine planting rice Honda community beginning material are few, does the material total quantity to the jointing stage machine planting rice is only the hand plants the rice about 75%,does the material and the hand to earing period it plants the rice quite, achieves about 97%;In the different panicle types, the heavy panicle type does the material accumulation quantity > medium panicle type > light panicle type. By the mature period, the machine planting rice's dry material total quantity reaches basically succeeds in obtaining hand planting rice.But the individual growth quantity is small, the single dry matter is lower than the hand planting rice. Does the material accumulation quantity compared with each birth stage to account for the final biology output the proportion to discover, The machine planting rice intermediate stage growth quantity is big, accounts for the final biology output the jointing stage to the earing period dry material growth, the heavy panicle type 43.8%, medium panicle type 43.4%, light panicle type 41.9%; Compares the hand planting rice in a big way about 5%. After the earing, does the proportion which the material growth occupies, the machine planting rice is lower than the hand planting rice.The dry matter accumulation and transportation of the vegetative organs of two cultivation methods performances to be consistent,the dry matter in leaf blade and leaf sheath reduces while increases in stem,the assimilates stored in the leaf blade and leaf sheath before heading period transports into the panicle as the same time the stem accumulates accumulates as a sink organ,the new incremental constitutes of photo assimilates in grain-filling periods(direct supply ability)and accumulation and transportation of accumulates of the vegetative organs(indirect supply ability)which is the material base of finally economic yield ,these two ablities of mechanical transplanting rice is weaker than the manually transplanting rice(traditional rice seedling plantings).comparing the dry matter in different periods and different organs, the dry matter in the leaf blade of mechanical transplanting rice is more than the manually transplanting rice while less in the leaf sheath and panicle during the heading period, the dry matter in the vegetative organ of mechanical transplanting rice is more than the manually transplanting rice while less in panicle during mature stage.4th, under this test condition, the machine planting rice, the hand planting rice its rice processing quality interior target to have the uniformity, enhances the polished rice rate also to be possible to enhance the entire polished rice rate. the heavy panicle type processing quality is worst. The machine planting rice's chaik grain rate is higher than the hand to plant the rice, but chaik area is lower than the hand planting rice. The RVA spectrum characteristic value performance is different.5th,this research indicated, nitrogen to accumulate of the machine planting rice of transplanting period and suffices the seedling stage extremely obviously is smaller than the hand planting rice,to jointing stage to the accumulated nitrogen hand planted rice 90%。The machine planting rice invalid minute tiller are many,although the invalid minute tiller declines time, takes the transportable element the nitrogen to be possible to further transport to other organs uses again, but not only this has certain hysteresis quality in the time, simultaneously has also affected this stage effective tillering normal growth. The machine planting rice has certain nitrogen accumulation before the earing, but accumulates the proportion to be many invalid,is bad to the grain delivery capacity, simultaneously after the earing, its nitrogen accumulation ability is weak.In the synthesis contrasts the machine planting and the hand planting rice output constitution, to divide the tiller characteristic, the physical production as well as the nitrogen absorption use difference is obvious, the machine planting rice high production way is: Selects e the heavy panicle type with medium panicle typ, cultivates the strong rice shoot, establishes the reasonable community beginning, Control invalid and achieve the appropriate tillers per panicle, promote accumulation of dry matter, Strives for big spike many grains, forms the enough storage capacity, and guaranteed that the high fertility and the weight of a thousand seeds, may obtain the high production.