Study On Anatomical Characters And Garden Application Of Several Species In Malvaceae L.

Anatomical structures of leaves, leaf stalks, midribs in 24 Malvaceae L. species and a part of petals, sepals in those were observed by using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The significance of phology, ecological adaptation and application on gardening were discussed. Main results were as follows:1) The type of stomatal apparatus, sculptures of epidermal cells, shape of lower epidermal cells, waxy coat or cuticles existed on upper epidermis and type of stomatal apparatus, waxy ornamentation on petals showed higly similarity among species in Malvaceae L. which were heritable and can be used for identifying this family.2) Whether outer margin of leaf stomata was connected, or obviously raised, as well as the curving extent of inner margin of outer stomata rim can be an effective basis to identify Hibiseae and Malvoideae. Outer margin for leaf stomata in Hibiseae is connected and ovbiously raised over epidermis while inner margin of leaf stomata rim for Hibiseae is nearly smooth.3) Anatomical structures like the type of leaf epidermal hair, shape of upper epidermal cells, tightness of arrangement and amount of crystal cells in spongy tissue, shape of leaf stalk pith, type of lower sepal epidermal stoma can be of important reference to identify various genus in Malvaceae L.a. The types of leaf epidermal hairs between different species were bascially the same. Stellate hair and simple hair coexisted in Hibiscus. When simple hair and coexisted, Abelmoschus, Abutilon, Malvavicus or Lavataea had simple 2-4 branched hair. Sida or Gossypium had only stellate hair found.Urena had all three haris except scaly hair. Callirhoe had all four types of hairs.b. Unlike polegon, straightness or curveness in other genus, Sida or Urena was irregular in upper epidemical cell and sinuolate in anticlinal wallc. Hibiscus, Gossypium, Abutilon or Malvavicus had common in closely arranged spony tissue and more crystal cells, different from other genuses.d. Abelmoschus was ring-shaped in pith of leaf stalk, and the other genus round. This supports the foundation of this genus in theory.e. In additon to anomocytic type, Lavataea had anisocytic and ranunculaceous type coexsited on lower epidermis stomata of petal. Urena was of paracytic type.4) External morphology of leaf stalk cross section, the presence or absence of epidermal hair on lower petal can be used for species identification. a. Hiscus syriacus was U-shaped in cross section of leaf stalk. Hiscus syriacus was subconical or elliptic.b. Hiscus schizopetalus had no epidermal hair on both lower and upper epidermis while the other species in genus Hiscus had any hair on either upper or lower epidermis.5) The drought resistance resulted from quantitative trait were consistent with morphological character.a. The result by UPGMA from study in the concerned quantitative trait shows that Callirhoe involuerare, Hiscus syriacus, Urena lobata have higher drought resistance than that in Abutilon miller, Sida acuta, Sida cordifolia.b. Anatomical characters like sinuate anticlinal wall, thick waxy coat or multiple epidermis found in species can help reduce evaporation and enhance its drought resistance. The above anatomical characters existed or coexisted among Callirhoe involuerare, Hiscus syriacus, Urena lobata but not among Abutilon miller, Sida acuta, Sida cordifolia, so that the former three species have higher drought resistance than that in the later three species.6) The plants in Malvaceae L. especially in Hiscus are well-known for their bell-shaped and colorful petals, long flowering period, varied cultivars, dark green leaves. With higher ecological, cultural and aesthetical value in landscape, they are of great potential value in greening and landscape application.a. Hiscus syriacus and Hiscus mutabilis have stronger drought resistance, adaptable for growing under high temperature and dry environment.b. Hiscus rosa-sinensis, Abutilon miller, Hiscus rosa-sinensis are water-resistant and protect them from Cl2, HCL, SO2. So they are suitable for planting in waterside, factory and mine district.c. Hiscus hamabo and Hiscus tiliaceus are excellent seaside plants, for both protect themselves from saline, wind, humid and sandy places.