Analysis On Soil Factors And Flue-cured Tobacco Quality In Luohe Tobacco-growing Areas

In order to evaluate flue-cured tobacco leaves scientifically and comprehensively, and provide cigarette industrial enterprise the theory of usability tobacco leaves,the outlook quality, physical characters, chemical component and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves (B2F, C3F, X2F) from Luohe Linying, Wuyang Yancheng in Henan province, Pingdingshan and Xuchang city in 2007 were researched in this paper. We have employed multiple linear stepwise regression analysis, partial correlation analysis and path statistical methods such as analysis of the soil and leaf nutrient-neutral to the total number of components, and fostering Luohe tobacco soil fertility and improving the quality of the Luohe tobacco. The major results were as follows:1. Analysis of Luohe tobacco soil physical particle composition. Luohe tobacco soil particles were larger than 0.1 mm in the 0.40 percent to 9.92 percent, averaging at 2.07 percent, 0.1mm-0.05mm soil particles in the 0.56 percent to 12.64 percent and the average was 6.20 percent, 0.05 mm-0.01mm soil particles in 38.16 percent to 58.59 percent, with an average of 51.32 percent, 0.01 mm-0.001mm in the soil particles 10.10 percent to 27.70 percent, with an average of 18.60 percent, less than 0.001 mm in the soil particles 13.94 percent to 32.12 percent and the average was 21.81 percent. Therefore, Luohe Tobacco soil particles 0.05 mm-0.01mm highest percentage, followed by less than 0.001 mm, 0.01mm-0.001mm, 0.1mm-0.05mm and greater than 0.1 mm, and different areas of the particle composition had some difference.2. Analysis of Luohe tobacco soil nutrients(1) Analysis of Luohe tobacco soil pH value. The Yancheng pH value of soil samples content was the highest, and close to 7.78, the following were Linying samples (7.66), Xuchang samples (7.62), Wuyang samples (7.41), while Pingdingshan samples were the lowest, and close to 7.21. Luohe average soil pH value was 7.62, and between 6.43 and 8.10. Therefore Luohe tobacco production area has prevailed soil pH value, but the basic growth of close to the suitability of tobacco within the scope of regulation can be adopted for the development of tobacco production. (2)Analysis of soil OM content in Luohe tobacco soil. Luohe tobacco soil OM content from different areas were different, and Yancheng samples content were the highest, and close to1.42 percent, and the following were the Pingdingshan samples (1.36 percent), Linying samples (1.34 percent), Wuyang samples (1.13 percent), and lower the content of Xuchang samples, and close to 1.10 percent. Luohe overall content of organic matter in soil samples 0.82 percent to 1.84 percent, averaging 1.30 percent, a standard deviation of 0.25, not the overall variation, and our county tobacco is suitable for the soil organic matter content of 0.9 percent to 1.2 percent, indicating that the majority of Wuyang breathing zone of the soil organic matter content was appropriate, and Linying Yancheng and the smoke slightly higher than the quality of soil organic matter content of cigarettes.(3)Available soil N content of the soil sample results soil available nitrogen content, Lin ying samples were highest, and close to 60.84 mg / kg,. The following were Pingdingshan samples (54.88 mg / kg), Wuyang samples (51.27 mg / kg), Xuchang samples (50.61 mg / kg), and Yancheng samples. Luohe overall nitrogen content in the soil available 32.30 to 80.20 mg / kg with an average of 52.98 mg / kg and the standard deviation is 5.48. At present, tobacco nitrogen for the soil available for 25 ~ 45 mg / kg, If more than 60 mg / kg of tobacco should not be Yancheng available nitrogen content of soil suitable for growing tobacco, and Linying, Wuyang not satisfied with the soil quality Tobacco cultivation requirements.(4)Available soil P and total P content in Luohe tobacco soil, Linying samples were the highest, 0.74 g / kg, and the following were Yancheng samples (0.71 g / kg), Pingdingshan samples (0.58 g / kg), Wuyang samples ( 0.49 g/kg), and lower the content of Xuchang samples, 0.47 g / kg. The Luohe soil phosphorus (P) content of 0.35 to 1.02 g / kg within the scope of changes, the mean is 0.65 mg / kg, the standard deviation was 0.17. Luohe available soil phosphorus content, Pingdingshan samples highest, 14.84 mg / kg, followed by Linying samples (13.86 mg / kg), Wuyang samples (12.36 mg / kg), Xuchang samples (11.12 mg / kg), and Yancheng samples the lower the content of the 9.33 mg / kg. Luohe soil of available phosphorus (P) content is 4.63 to 18.60 mg / kg with an average of 11.85 mg / kg and the standard deviation is 6.90.(5)Analysis of soil CL content in Luohe tobacco soil. The results showed that the content of the soil, Linying samples were the highest, 38.54 mg / kg, and the following were Wuyang samples (35.13 mg / kg), Pingdingshan samples (32.79 mg / kg), Xuchang samples (32.39 mg / kg), and Yancheng samples in the lower, and close to 19.45 mg / kg. The Luohe chloride content in soil was 11.29 to 54.77 mg / kg, averaging 31.04 mg / kg and the standard deviation is 4.64. Overall, Yancheng chlorine content in the soil within the scope of appropriate, and Linying, Wuyang soil in the area is not appropriate.(6)The contents of available soil K and total K in Luohe soil. Xuchang samples were the highest, 19.56 g / kg, and the following were Yancheng samples (18.66 g / kg), Linying samples (18.57 g / kg), Wuyang samples (17.11 g / kg), and lower the content of samples in Pingdingshan, 16.68 g / kg. Luohe average total K in the soil average 18.11 g / kg, in the range 15.05 to 22.46 g / kg and a standard deviation of 1.74. The potassium content of soil, Linying, Yancheng Tobacco soil for potassium (K) in the rich soil, and the content of Wuyang slightly lower, the overall Luohe city soils supply sufficient potassium. Luohe soil potassium content, Wuyang samples highest, 151.37 mg / kg, followed by Linying sample (131.05 mg / kg), Pingdingshan sample (121.01 mg / kg), Xuchang sample (98.82 mg / kg), and Yancheng samples the lower the content, 81.62 mg / kg. Luohe soil potassium (K) 121.35 average level mg / kg, in the range 47.74 to 184.19 mg / kg and a standard deviation of 16.53.The content of potassium in Luohe soil were most rich. Linying, Wuyang soil potassium (K) content in the appropriate content area, and the content of potassium in Yancheng were lower.3. Quality evaluation of flue-cured tobacco(1)Appearance Quality Evaluation. Luohe tobacco quality and appearance of Xuchang, Pingdingshan leaves little gap, most of the leaf appearance quality has been achieved good level of quality. Overall, the maturity of flue-cured tobacco in Luohe better, the proportion of tobacco is still less cooked, basically eliminating false cooked tobacco, the overall performance of the mature. Leaf color is more deep orange or orange, a few orange or shallow Chumengse, microstrip Green basically eliminate, reduce the pros and cons of different leaf color.(2)Evaluation of the physical properties of tobacco. Luohe appropriate physical characteristics, different parts of Luohe tobacco leaves filled with value for the overall performance is X2Fï¹¥C3Fï¹¥B2F, little difference between the positions. Luohe sample overall performance for the single-leaf weight of the upper part of the most, followed by middle leaf, the bottom of the lightest. Luohe different areas of the upper leaf stems B2F rate for the performance is Linying samples =Wuyang samplesï¹¥Yancheng samplesï¹¥Pingdingshan samplesï¹¥Xuchang, and Luohe lower leaves the equilibrium moisture content is higher than that of Pingdingshan Xuchang and tobacco. C3F of quality tobacco leaf for the performance isLinying samples = Yancheng samplesï¹¥Wuyang samplesï¹¥Xuchang samplesï¹¥Pingdingshan samples. Luohe in the value of tobacco filler 6.48 to 6.84 g/cm3 between the mean 6.66 g/cm3, tobacco Luohe Filling Xuchang and higher than the value of Pingdingshan samples. Different areas of the upper leaf B2F performance for the single-leaf weight isLinying samplesï¹¥Wuyang samplesï¹¥Yancheng samplesï¹¥Pingdingshan samplesï¹¥Xuchang samples. Luohe samples for the overall performance of 11.91 to 14.23 g, the average was 12.84 g, and is higher than that of Xuchang, Pingdingshan tobacco content.(3)Evaluation of tobacco chemical constituents. Luohe total sugar content of tobacco, reducing sugar content more appropriate, and slightly higher starch content, chlorine content lower, the overall basic chemical constituents appropriate, the ratio is more coordination. Different parts, the lower part of the chemical composition of tobacco coordination of the worst, the central coordination of the chemical constituents of tobacco more preferably, the chemical composition of the upper leaves in the coordination of the two intermediate.(4)Evaluation of tobacco neutral flavor composition. Evaluation of flue-cured tobacco neutral aroma components was analysis, using more and more attention. Using GC / MS of the flue-cured tobacco samples were determined analysis, a total of 36 kinds of substances, including 28 kinds of incense for the main substance of these substances in the flue-cured tobacco is a representative of aromatic components, each with different aroma characteristics, aroma intensity, the concentration, as well as physical and chemical properties aroma. In order to facilitate comparative analysis, based on aroma of precursors into the new plant diene, phenylalanine category, brown reaction products, cembratriendid compounds and hypoglycemia compounds. The content of the new plant diene was highest, and the following was the type of carotenoids.(5)Evaluation of tobacco sensory. Sensory evaluation of the quality of analysis showed that the upper leaves Xuchang sensory best quality, and the following were the Pingdingshan tobacco, Wuyang tobacco, Linying tobacco and Yancheng tobacco; different areas of the upper leaves B2F-scoring sort of temperament was Xuchang samples>Yancheng samples =Wuyang samples= Pingdingshan samples > Linying samples; aroma order of scoring was Linying samples= Pingdingshan samples= Wuyang samples>Xuchang samples>Yancheng samples. The analysis results showed that Xuchang, and Wuyang in the central part of the sensory quality of tobacco the best, followed by the Pingdingshan tobacco, Lin Ying tobacco. C3F different areas of the central tobacco-scoring sort of temperament: Xuchang=Yancheng samples=Wuyang samples >Pingdingshan samples>Linying sample; aroma scoring sort: Xuchang samples =Pingdingshan samples >Linying samples>Yancheng samples =Wuyang samples. The total score ranking was Xuchang samples=Yancheng samples=Wuyang samples > Pingdingshan samples > Linying samples. The analysis results showed that Xuchang, Yancheng, Wuyang in the central part of the best sensory quality tobacco leaf, followed by the Pingdingshan tobacco, Linying tobacco. Tobacco X2F different areas of the lower-scoring temperament sort was Wuyang samples= Xuchang samples>Linying samples =Pingdingshan samples >Yancheng samples. The aroma scoring sort is Yancheng samples>Xuchang samples =Wuyang samples>Linying samples = Pingdingshan samples. The total score ranking was Xuchang samples> Pingdingshan samples =Wuyang samples = Linying samples>Yancheng samples. The analysis results showed that the lower part of the sensory quality tobacco Xuchang was best, and followed by the Pingdingshan tobacco, Wuyang tobacco, the same sensory quality tobacco Linying, Yancheng Tobacco were the lowest scores.4. Analysis between the neutral soil nutrients and flavor components in Luohe cured-fired tobacco.(1)Stepwise regression analysis between soil nutrients and total content of flavor components. Tobacco neutral soil nutrients and flavor components stepwise regression analysis of the total flue-cured tobacco leaf-producing areas in Luohe neutral flavor components of soil nutrients and total factor stepwise regression analysis showed that flue-cured tobacco leaves neutral flavor components and the content of total soil OM , available N, available P, pH, total Ca, total P, total K and available K in soil has a close relationship with the content of total Al, total Fe, total Mg, total Mn, total Na, total Si and the total Ti, and other mineral elements. Luohe flue-cured tobacco leaf-producing areas neutral flavor components is that the total eight major factor of soil nutrients combined result. The soil nutrients and flavor components in the total neutral between multiple linear stepwise regression equation successfully established for the projections and estimates of tobacco in total neutral flavor components provides an effective means for accurate production figures of tobacco Cigarette formula and supporting modules provide some mathematical basis.(2)Partial correlation analysis between soil nutrients and total content of flavor components. Tobacco neutral soil nutrients and flavor components of the total partial correlation analysis in the stepwise regression analysis conducted on the basis of partial correlation analysis showed that flue-cured tobacco leaves neutral flavor components and the total soil OM, soil available K and K content of soil. There was a significantly positive correlation between the P content of soil available was positively correlated with soil pH, soil N, soil Ca and P content of soil was significantly negatively correlated to that within a certain range, soil OM, soil available K, soil K and P content of the soil available to increase the content of the soil pH value, total N, total Ca and P in flue-cured tobacco leaf to neutral flavor component of the total accumulation, and to improve tobacco aroma quality.(3)Path analysis between soil nutrients and total content of flavor components. Tobacco neutral soil nutrients and flavor components path analysis of the total flue-cured tobacco leaf on the neutral components of the total-is the most direct impact on the soil OM content, followed by soil N, available P soil, the soil pH value, soil total Ca, soil total P, soil available K and total K content, soil OM, soil available P and soil all available K and total K content on the flue-cured tobacco leaves neutral flavor components of the total impact is positive, and the soil pH value, soil N, soil total Ca and P content on the soil of flue-cured tobacco leaf neutral flavor component of the total impact is negative. Decision analysis showed that the degree of soil OM content of flue-cured tobacco leaf was the neutral components of the most important decision-making factors, and content of available P in soil was neutral to the flue-cured tobacco leaf aroma components aggregate principal constraints, and the effects from the content of available P in soil was the strongest.