| The cultivation area of peach in China is the largest in the world, with about one-third of the world production. Many counties with the fame of intensive peach cultivation come out in China in recent years. As the typical example, Pinggu, with 65% of peach cultivating area in Beijing, is the major peach-producing region. The aims in the thesis were to survey the problems of conventional nutrient management in peach orchard. On the basis of the former research work and literature reviewing, the strategies of best nutrient management were summarized and field trials were carried out in order to finetune the optimized N application rate. Meanwhile, effects of best nutrient management on peach yield, fruit quality, nutrient use efficiency and economic analysis were conducted in some locations of Dahuashan town in Pinggu counties for 3 years. The results were as follows.1. Field surveying works showed that most surveyed farmers in Pinggu had the consciousness of balanced fertilization, in combination with more organic fertilizers. However, very high amounts of N, P, K input were very commonly in these suveryed peach orchards in Pinggu. Generally soil nutrient levels, i.e. soil organic matter, nitrogen, alkali nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium contents, in peach orchards located hill area were relatively higher than those in the connection region between hill and plain, and soil nutrient levels were the lowest in the orchards located in plain regions. This was related to long-term excessive nutrient supply and orchard age, because the peach orchards were developed from hill region to plain region. Through studying the relationship between management, fertilizer input and quality of peach, it was found that some fruits planted in orchard with abundant organic Matter, located in Mountain,thin in density, low yied and fertilizer application with moderate N(100-200 kg/ha), moderate P2O5 (20-100 kg/ha), and low K2O (< 50 kg/ha)contain higher weight and carbohydrate .2. Seven years old peach tree was called xiangshan No.1 as material, studied the effect of different amount of N input on trees growth, yield, quality and the tree,s nutrition.The results showed that : the higher N application , the more we got Fruit Drop and the growth standards of the trees(the standards include length and width of leaves and the length of fruits, and so on) behave best with the N adopted 70kg/ha, although the yield and fruiting rate is the best in 140kg/ha.The others standards (Hardness, color ratio, total sugar, soluble solids, titratable acid, solid acid ratio, the sensory quality of the fruit)and nutrition of trees (N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn and B)didn,t exhibit distinct. It was suggested that 70-140kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer was optimized under the circumstance of high rate of organic manure fertilizer input of peach orchard in Beijing,3. Based on the different target yield and soil nutrient content, nutrient uptake with the peach trees and the actual production experience, nutrient management strategy of peach was established, in accordance with this strategy to develop programmes and through consecutive 3 years test in 20 peach orchards. The results showed that recommended treatments saved nitrogen fertilizer 39% than traditional treatments, input of phosphorus and potassium in the total volume had not difference, but increased the amount of organic fertilizer. Recommended treatment did not lower yield and fruit quality, on the contrary, the quality of fruits in some peach orchards, fruit hardness, color, soluble solids content, total acidity, sugar to acid ratio performed improving trend. From the view of benefits, because of increasing in organic fertilizer inputs and reducing in chemical fertilizers inputs, this strategy reduced the overall investment, and compared to traditional treatments,the effectiveness of recommended treatments got a substantial increase .
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