The Effect Of Cultivation On Soil Physicalproperties

For the modern intensive farming soil long-term in a high state of the production load, the rotation fallow, deep tillage fallow and organic fertilizer application, and other measures are not implemented in custody, soil quality is in a significant degradation, constrained the extension of crops root, reducing the resistance of soil to such issues, the subject of this field study was to compare the soil hardness, the quality of soil air in main root zone, soil water moisture, the character of soil temperature, distribution of root crops in GuanZhong plain Shaanxi province .and find out the regulation of soil physics properties, and its effect in the intensive tillage method of long-term intensive cultivation It could provide a scientific basis for the current production and soil management to assess the sustainability, and it is more important for scientific management and the use of the soil Measures . These are mail results:1. There is effect of tillage method on soil CO₂ flux and soil CO₂ release(1)It shows that there is a significant stage characteristics of soil CO₂ flux during wheat growing in the dryland. The results showed two peaks in seedling fall and the jointing-booting stage. In contrast CO₂ flux rates were low during the over-wintering and mature stage. The effect of CO₂ flux was significant in rotary tillage and deep tillage fallow .The effect of soil CO₂ flux was significantly effect by tillage method and crops system during corn growing.(2)soil CO₂ flux was decrease from bellow in main root zone of dryland during wheat growing, There is a completely different between CO₂ flux gradient and organic matter content gradient. It confirmed that hydrothermal conditions and Physical state is the dominant factor of effect soil air quality. There is a effect of tillage method on soil profile CO₂ flux. Generally, The CO₂ flux of rotary tillage is higher than that of deep tillage,and the CO₂ flux of rotary is more gentle than that of deep tillage.(3)Land use and farming patterns have affected soil of the total CO₂ emissions. The total CO₂ emissions is higher in rotary tillage than that of deep tillage, and is higher in planting area than that of fallow. The quantity total CO₂ emissions is highest in rotary tillage wheat field, and is lowest in deep fallow.2. Tillage methods affect soil hardness during crop growing. (1) There is a significant effect of tillage method on soil hardness in 0⁴0cm of main root zone. Rotary tillage will only loose surface 0 15 cm soil, So the soil hardness of 15 40 cm layer is significantly higher than that of the surface, according to former evaluation of indicators that the layer of soil compaction have restricted root growth. Rotary tillage makes soil more hard. It shows that rotary tillage makes soil quality decreased. The effect of deep tillage was maintained during wheat growing.(2) There was a significant effect of soil texture (clay content), organic matter content and soil moisture on soil hardness. In certain types of soil texture, lack of soil organic matter in soil, soil moisture is the major factor of soil hardness. Tillage, crop system and soil moisture are main factors of effecting soil hardness.3. Tillage method affect other soil physical properties(1) Soil tillage method affect the change range of soil temperature. The soil temperature of deep tillage field was more stabile.(2) There was a tight layer in long-term intensive farming field, There is a significant effect of the stability on soil aggregates. Deep tillage method could increase the stability of soil aggregates in 0²0cm layers. And deep tillage method could increase the efficiency of water use in dryland, the stability of surface layer is very important to decrease soil and water loss, It plays an important role to protect the ecological environment in Northwest China.4. Tillage methods affect crop root growth.There was a unfavorable influence of long-term rotary tillage on soil physical properties and crop growth. It decreased the efficiency of water use.The tight layer of rotary tillage field restrains root growth, It is worse when soil moisture is low. It affects the shape of root, It limited root grow deeply, and decrease the production of crops. It runs counter to the purpose of intensive agriculture. Deep tillage could increase the crops yield of economic and biomass.