Primary Research On Generative Biological Characteristics Of Wild European Plum (Prunus Domestica L.)

The Wild European Plum generative biological characteristic was studied in this paper, through the research on flowering, pollination, fertilization and seed germination of Wild European Plum (Prunus domestica L.).The means results are as follows:Wild European Plum flower bud differentiation started in late June. The whole process may divide into pre-differentiation stage, the floral primordial differentiation stage, and so on. The whole process approximately continues 70 days.After every primordial has completed the differentiation at last autumn, flower bud continue growth. The stamen and pistil have formed on the foundation of stamen and pistil primordial in next spring. This process went on from the beginning of March to the middle of April. After that Wild European Plum enter the blooming period.Wild European Plum in different area has a certain extent difference. Florescence of different place spaced two days apart. The bloom days continued about 8-9 days. The single flower bloomed for about 7days and was separate into three periods as petal bare, petal expansion, petal drop.Equatorial view of Wild European Plum pollen is long oval. Polar view is trilobation round. Wild European Plum pollen has 3 germ pores. The average size of normal air dried pollen is 50.14um×26.98 um. The ratio of polar axis to equatorial axis is 1.87.The exine ornamentation is striate with perforation.The first day after collection,the germination rate of Wild European Plum pollen has difference in different sucrose concentration culture medium and different individual. There was a highest germination rate at the medium with 10g/L sucrose concentration. Proper concentration sucrose can improve the germination rate. The germination rate of Wild European Plum pollen is highest in the first day after collection with 48.8%. As time passed, pollen vitality decreased gradually. The pollen vitality was loss at the eighteenth day.15 days after pollination on Wild European Plum, cross-pollination and self-pollination have higher rate of fruit set than natural-pollination and using mesh bag. The highest fruit set rate on the individual is 79.6% for the cross-pollination.Cold stratification can break the seed dormancy. The seed which store in sand at low temperature (4℃) starting germinate after 90 days stratification and the germination rate reached 47% after 200 days stratification. Wild European Plum has stronger root sucker reproductive capacity and root seedling in the natural conditions. Single plant has average 16 root seedlings which growth in the scope of range trunk for 100cm. when transplanting, it has higher survival rate. Root sucker reproductive maybe one of the best reproductive modes.The cutting test results show that: The adaptive medium is vermiculite and riversand. The cuts growed well in vermiculite. The rooting rate was 50% for the water treatment, and 65.9% for growth hormone. If choose the appropriate, medium, growth hormone and concentration, the rooting rate cloud get 80%. The softwood cutting can be a effective way for wild European plum propagation.In primary culture of wild European plum, B5 basal medium is better than MS. When add definite hormone in medium, explants had good growth than the medium without hormone. BB5+ 6-BA 0.5~1.0 mg/L+NAA or IBA is most suitable for the primary culture. The suitable ratio for proliferation of buds is NAA:6-BA=1:1-3 or NAA:6-BA=1:3-5, with 6-BA 0.5~1.0 mg/L.