Study On Resources Protection And Morphology Phonology Of Flower And Fruit Of Manglietia Deciduas Q.Y.Zheng

Magnoliceae family in the world was altogether 15 genus and more than 250 species, it distributes in east and south Asia, minority in southeast North America and Central America. China is the modern distribution center of Magnoliceae family, there are 11 genus and more than 130 species. The Magnoliceae family plant is an important composition species of evergreen broad-leaved forest in China. It has good quality, good ornamental effect, and widely uses in the industry timber wood and the botanical garden afforestation. Magnoliceae family is an ancient family of angiosperm, Manglietia Blume is an ancient genus of Magnoliceae family. Manglietia deciduas Q. Y. Zheng is the only one fallen leaf species in the more than 30 many species in world of Manglietia Blume. At present, it was only distributed in Yichun City of Jiangxi Province and Yongshun County of Hunan Province, was national level protection plant which extremely in imminent danger. It has the important scientific value for the origin of angiosperm and the system evolution of Magnoliceae.The key points in article research were including resources survey, present situation and the countermeasure of resources protection of Manglietia deciduas in Wuling Mountain region (Yongshun County) in the western Hunan, and the morphology of Manglietia deciduas' s flower, and phenology of blossom and fruit. And systematically reports the following several research conclusion for the first time:First, Manglietia deciduas was distributed in the core area of Xiaoxi State Nature Protection Area, between Lujia Village and Yunpan Village of Langxi Township. It has 2000hm² in Yuan River water branch Youshui basin in western of main nerve Wuling Mountain, and the geographical position was 110°18" E, 28°55" N. Assumes disperses lives the distribution, and the rare small area communities. There were more than 5,000 big trees, and more than 12,000 sapling and young seedling which below 5cm the tree diameter at chest height. The region vegetation was evergreen broad-leaved forest for the mid-subtropical zone, Manglietia deciduas community was evergreen and deciduous mixed forest in the distributed elevation 400～900m of hillside lower part, main group types were including Liquidambar formosana, Toxicodendron succedaneum and Manglietia deciduas community type, Castanopsis eyrei, Lithocarpus petelotii, and Manglietia deciduas community type. The species of Manglietia deciduas community in Yongshun County was richer type, more stable and richer population biodiversity than it in Yichun City. It brought the favorable turn for the research on Manglietia deciduas community population differentiation and endangering mechanism, which felled into the difficult position.Second, Manglietia deciduas distribution area was belongs two administrations departments, the Lujia Village was directly under the Xiaoxi State Nature Protection Area administrative office, and Yunpan Village directly under Langxi Township. The two places ownerships of forests were both turned over to the village level collective ownership. The ecological environment protection of Manglietia deciduas in Lujia Village was better than it in Yunpan Village. We suggested that Manglietia deciduas population in Yongshun City should location protects primarily, and translocation protects auxiliary. The government formulated protective measures for Yunpan Village should establish natural conservation plot in near future, and then should put the Yunpan Vilage directly under the Xiaoxi State Nature Protection Area. The translocation protection should collect the seed to plant in location, and using location plant or translocation plant methods.Third, through the phonological research on florescence in land, and the variance analysis and the multiple comparison on the characteristics index which including gathered total flower petal of branch, wheel number and so on, finally indicated: (1) The florescence of Manglietia decidua was in the end of March, and there were three times of stage of full bloom in the florescence. (2) There was not obvious difference in the four character indexes in florescence, such as total number of petals, the number of inner three round petals, thick of pedicel and length of filament. And the obvious difference in the others character indexes, especially between the first florescence and second to third florescence. (3) The inner round petal close the gynoecium group during the fecundation perhaps in order to protect the flower against the pest disaster, and increase the procreation fitness inheritable character.Fourth, through the phonological observation on blossoming and fruiting in land, finally indicated: (1) The florescence of Manglieia deciduas was in the middle of March to early of May. There were three times of stage of full bloom in the florescence, and the days in every stage were different. (2) The fruiting period was in the middle of April to early of October. There were three times fruiting developing period, and the days of fruiting in every period was different. (3) The blooming and fallen blooming in low altitude was earlier than in high altitude, and the blooming period also shorter than it. The fruiting developing period was longer in higher altitude, and the seed falloff period was latter. The best seed collection was 20^th to 30^th of September.