Status Of Soil Fertility And Fertilization Technique Of Flue-cured Tobacco In Henan Tobacco-growing Areas

Henan is a large flue-cured tobacco growing province, and the flue-cured tobacco production had a long history. The flue-cured tobacco of Henan was possessed of a very important station between at home and export. Recently, with the enterprise recombination at home and rapid expanding of superior cigarette enterprise and brand, a lot of cigarette enterprise focused on heavy aroma tobacco of Henan which was unsubstituted raw material for Chinese style cigarettes. Therefore, demand for Henan tobacco leaves in market enlarged, and engagement increased year after year. On the basis of soil status in Henan tobacco-growing areas and demand for Henan tobacco leaves in market, main problems in planting and fertility of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed, and balanced fertility strategy and technology were advanced. Main results were as follows:(1) As the soil of tobacco planting in "Four Mountains and Five Regions" for example, the contents of status of 520 soil samples were analyzed. In Lingshan tobacco-growing areas, pH and the contents of organic matters, exchangeable Ca and exchangeable Mg, available Mn, Zn, Fe and Cu in soil were feasible; the contents of available N, P, K and Mo, B in soil were low; the contents of available S and water soluble Cl were rich. In Tongshan tobacco-growing areas, pH and the contents of exchangeable Ca, exchangeable Mg, water soluble Cl, available Mn, Cu, Fe and Mo were feasible; the contents of organic matters, available P, K, and B were low; the contents of available N and S were rich. In Xiaoshan tobacco-growing areas, the contents of available N, K, S and water soluble Cl were feasible; the contents of organic matters, available P and micro-elements were low; the pH and the ratio of Ca to Mg were high. In Mashan, the contents of available K, P and Zn were feasible; the contents of organic matters, available N, P, Fe, B and Mo were low; pH and the content of water soluble Cl were rich.(2) The problems of tobacco planting and fertilizer application in Henan tobacco field were analyzed, including tobacco universal intercropping which seriously affected tobacco quality; high multiple cropping index and long history replanting; depending on chemistry nutrients lead to deteriorating physical and chemistry characteristic in soil; confusion of chemistry nutrient market and difficult unification on technology of fertilizer application; natural existent problems on soil, hydrology and climate condition, et al.(3) From the understand of whole developing route and being guided by the market, the good work of quality orientation for tobacco leaves in Henan tobacco-growing areas was done and the whole developing route of tobacco leaves for the future was advanced.(4) Soil improvement technology in Henan tobacco-growing areas was put forward, including cultivation strypped-down, reasonable rotate, going the way of sustainable development, adjustment of the ratio to C/N for soil in tobacco field and application of organic nutrient, et al.(5) The tactics of balancing fertilizer application of flue-cured tobacco in Henan tobacco-growing areas were put forward. The factors of fertilizer application that restricted the high quality tobacco production were found out in main tobacco-growing areas; the management of science and technology in field was perfected and the files of technology for fertilizer application of tobacco leaves in field were set up; the good serve system of farming chemistry service and fertilizer was found. From such ways as basic principles of fertilizer application, determination of quantity of fertilizing, fertilizing methods and application of macro-element fertilizers, the perfect project of fertilizer application was put forward for paying attention to nutrient balance.