Study On Solid State Fermentation And Deodorization Of Animal Manures

Aiming at making good use of the manures of cows, hogs and hens, this study firstscreened out the phosphate-solubilizating bacteria and potassium bacteria from differentoriginal samples, and then carried out the physiological biochemistry and the molecularidentification on them. An observation of solid-state fermentation was made on theselected bacteria that took the manures as their main stuff, and laid the foundation for theproduction of corresponding microorganism fertilizer. Besides, headspace solid phasemicro extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) wasapplied for the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of manures. In addition, apilot study of the black soldier fly's deodorization function on manures was carried out.In lecithin culture medium, phosphate-solubilizating bacteria could degrade themacro-molecule lecithin into small ones, produced fat and formed opaque fat-dissolvingcircle, according to the size of which 12 species in good growth were obtained. Then,repeat screening was carried out. According to the content of soluble phosphorus afterfermentation, a11 was obtained as the strongest phosphate-solubilizating bacteria with itssoluble phosphorus content of 11.6 mg/kg, 6.4 times as much as that of the contrast (1.8mg/kg).11 species in good growth were obtained in potassium bacteria selective medium.After inoculated to potassic liquid medium and 1 week's fermentation, the solublepotassium content was measured with the atomic absorption. The result showed that thesoluble potassium content of CK21 was 10.3 mg/kg, 8.6 times as much as that of thecontrast (1.2 mg/kg).The physiological biochemistry and molecular identification result indicated that a11and the Bacillus megaterium belongs to the same species, and so are the same situation toCK21 and the Bacillus mucilaginosus.This study optimized the solid state fermentation condition of thephosphate-solubilizating bacteria and potassium bacteria, which took the manures as theirprimary stuff, and discussed the influence of stir, moisture, pH value, supplementarymaterial and supplementary material proportion on the fermentation. The result showedthat, to a11, the best material proportion were as follows: 3 g straw stalk/17 g manure ofhogs, 2 g straw stalk/18 g manure of cows, 4 g straw stalk/16 g manures of hens; to CK21,the best proportions were 4 g straw stalk/16 g manure. Moreover, a better growth ofCK21 was noticed with more straw stalk added. According to the optimized materialproportion, 65% water content and 0.04 g MgSO₄ were filled into the fermentation bottles.After even stir, a11 and CK21 were inoculated and fermented for 72 h, during which timestir would be made one time per 12 h, and temperature and air humidity were controlledin 30℃and above 90% respectively. The result showed that CK21 and a11 grew well inthe culture medium that took manures as the primary stuff, which met the request of theproduction microorganism fertilizer (over 100,000,000 viable count/grams). A simple, rapid and solvent-free method, headspace solid phase micro extractioncoupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed for theanalysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of manures of cows, hogs and hens. Thefactors that effected headspace solid phase micro extraction were optimized and VOCs inthe manures of cows, hogs and hens were identified: they were forty-four, thirty-nine andforty-one kinds respectively. Remarkable results of the black soldier fly's deodorizationfunction on manures were obtained, which provided new means for the research ofenvironment pollution government.