A Comparative Study Of Economical Benefit For Flue-cured Tobacco Planting At Different Areas In Liaoning

There was a long cultivated history of flue-cured tobacco in Liaoning province.The production of tobacco had been a most important economic estate in local.With the price of tobacco needing materials increased,the cost of laborer had also raised.The enthusiasm was affected gravely by moving up of tobacco cultivation cost.The avails came down,for position of grain produces upgrading, various of grain subsidy offered and compensated,agricultural product price increased, tobacco grain price parity had come down and other cash crops' relative benefit improving.Besides,the going up of coal price,cost raising,natural calamities and the instability of purchasing stations had also brought loss to tobacco grower in varying degrees;consequently some local tobacco cultivated inclined to the atrophy trend.It had been an important problem of Liaoning province in order to improve the competition ability,stabilize produce scale,and ensure sustainable development of tobacco cultivated.On the base of mastering the tobacco cultivated cost and avails per mu objectively and accurately,the scientific and rational measures of reducing flue-cured tobacco cultivated cost and improving avails per mu had been discussed.A group was set up by tobacco Leaf Company of Liaoning province to investigate tobacco cultivated cost and avails per mu,aimed to improve the competition ability of Liaoning tobacco cultivated further.Ninety-nine families of four cities,eight counties and some villages were carried on the sample investigation in 2006,and the avails per mu in the whole province were classified and assembled.In this article,compared fundamental survey data with former years,the relative factors of affecting net income of tobacco cultivated were analyzed on the base of above inquiry data.In 2006,11420 contracts of tobacco cultivated were concluded in Liaoning province,which contracts covered area was 143784.6 mu altogether.Purchased flue-cured tobacco reached 397159.4 piculs,and the average of output per mu,single yield,equal price and the cost per mu were 1100.59Yuan,1381.1Kg,7.97 Yuan/Kg, 931Yuan/mu separately.There was 6062 families' output higher than the average of the whole province, which was 1100.59 Yuan,it accounting for 53.08%of flue-cured tobacco grower in the whole province.The output lower than the cost per mu,which was 931 Yuan,was 2602 families,accounting for 22.79%.And between them was 2756 families, accounting for 24.13%.Because of different soil,climate and economy condition in tobacco production area in Liaoning province,the output,cost and avails per mu were different.From the figures of researching ninety-nine families,the analyses of cigarette peasants' output and structure in 2006 and the cost of tobacco production,we could conclude that the company had highest output per mu,but the tobacco grower' net income wasn't the high.And the reverse was also true.For example:output target of Fuxin county company were the highest in the whole province,including the average price and output per mu.But the average net income per mu of tobacco grower was lowest.The output per mu of Kuandian county was lower than the whole province's.But the average net income per mu of tobacco grower was highest in the whole province.Tobacco grower's average net income of tobacco cultivated was highest in the whole province.The main reason was that the cost was lower,including the low rent,hardly cost of hired laborer and the low coal cost of flue-cured tobacco.The first place was the tobacco grower of Kuandian tobacco cultivated on the hill,the average area of tobacco grower per family approached 7mu,seldom exceeding 10 mu.They cultivated tobacco in the filed by themselves.Even if they rented field,the quantity was a little,so the average rent was lower.Secondly,there is a habit of exchanging labor power in Kuandian county, because the cultivated area per family was less,exchanging labor not only brought tobacco grower convenient and high-effect,but also saved the cost of tobacco cultivitated and created value.Branches were replaced coal to cure tobacco,saved the cost of tobacco grower as well.Compared with Kuandian,Kaiyuan and Xifeng counties' tobacco grower tobacco cultivated scale greater.Firstly,More than 80%tobacco growers of tobacco cultivated area more than 15 mu.Some of tobacco grower even cultivated 40 mu,for the filed of family was limit,only to rent field to cultivate tobacco.That was not only enlarged the risk of property,meanwhile increased the cost of cultivated tobacco.Tieling district the average cost per mu was highest in China.That was harmful for the development of tobacco cultivated.Secondly,tobacco cultivated was special property,high skill was demanded,because the area of tobacco cultivated was more than before.The problem of the laborer shortage was not solved by exchanging laborer.So they must hired laborer,so the cost was increased.Thirdly,coal was used in the production of flue-cured tobacco in Tieling district.The price of coal increased yearly.It was very difficulty to decrease the cost of flue-cured tobacco.The soil resource of Chaoyang and Fuxin district was better than Liaodong and Tieling district,but rent was lower than Kaiyuan,Xifeng and Fengcheng district.The cost of flue-cured tobacco in using coal in Chaoyang district was much higher than the other districts in Liaoning province. The cost of flue-cured tobacco in using coal was about equal to 25%of the whole cost. Because the soil resource of Chaoyang district was rich,the area of tobacco cultivated per family was very large.They were also faced the problem of enlarged the cost of hired labor.Corn and the pepper of cash crop had competitive ability in tobacco cultivated area of Liaoning province.It was reported that Tieling district net income of corn per mu was 642.78 Yuan in 2006,Dandong district's net income of corn per mu was 574.55Yuan,Fuxin district's net income of corn per mu was 443.94 Yuan,Chaoyang district's net income of pepper per mu was 2059.36 Yuan,Besides Kuandian county of Liaodong district,The cash crop's of other district's net income per mu higher than tobacco net income per mu.The stable development of tobacco cultivated in local was hindered. In order to guarantee and improve income of tobacco grower was the important premise and the guaranteed of the sustainable development of tobacco cultivated.That was concerned about income of tobacco grower was equal to concerned about tobacco cultivated.There were two problems had to solve when farmer grow tobacco,in the first,farmer's income must be considered,in other words was tobacco and grain price relation.Tobacco cultivated income only higher than other crops was able to had the attraction to the farmer;in the second,to tobacco grower,all cost of they spent must be considered,not only the cost of material,the cost of time,the cost of chance must be accounted,because farmer increased income thought other ways.