The Rule Of Anthocyanin Synthesis And Infulence Factors In The Leaves Of Red-leaf Tree Species In Prunus

The synthetic dynamic of pigments, factors that influencing pigments synthesis and the function of pigments in plants photosynthetic were studied using red-leaf tree species in Prunus, and the colouration mechanism in leaves of red-leaf tree species and physiological functions of anthocyanin in plants were discussed, the main results were submited as follows:(1) The leaves color in red-leaf tree species had different changes in different seasons: the content of anthocyanin and chlorophyll achieved the maximum value in a year, and the the leaves color was thinned during May and June. During July and August the content of anthocyanin and chlorophyll was reduced, and the down-range of anthocyanin content was more than total chlorophyll, so the leaves color of Prunus persica f. atropurpurea turned green. The content of anthocyanin achieved the second peak in leaves from the tip of brantches on Prunus persica f. atropurpurea during September, and the change of total chlorophyll content was stable, so the leaves of Prunus persica f. atropurpurea tured amaranth again.The leaves color from the tip of brantches on Prunus virginiana'schubert'was contrary to Prunus persica f. atropurpurea, and it is brightgreen. The content of anthocyanin and chlorophyll was increased from June, but the content of anthocyanin increased more quickly than chlorophyll, and the leaves color changed from green to mauve. Anthocyanin content increased from May in the leaves from mid and base of branches, and increased more quickly in the leaves from tip of branches, so the leaves color of Prunus virginiana'schubert'showed the color of green, mauve, purple, amaranth from the tip of branches to base of branches.(2) The change of leaves color was determined by ratio of anthocyanin and total chlorophyll, the leaves color turn mauve when the ratio of anthocyanin and total chlorophyll was above 1:2.84, and they turn amaranth when the ratio of anthocyanin and total chlorophyll was above 1:1.14.(3) The content of pigments and other chemical components including anthocyanins, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, solubility sugar and 10 kinds of macroelement and microelement were investigated using P. virginiana'Schubert', and calculated the relativity of the data. The result indicated that the content of soluble sugar and anthocyanin had a positive correlativity. The content of Ca and Mn was high in the leaves of Prunus virginiana'Schubert', especially the content of Mn. The mineral elements such as P, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu had great impact on the content of anthocyanin. P had a highly negative correlation with anthocyanin, and K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu had a very significant positive correlation with anthocyanin. Also the mineral elements had a resemble correlation with chlorophyll and carotenoids. N, Mg had a very significant positive correlation with them.(4) Content of anthocyanin and the activities of enzymes in anthocyanin biosyntheses including plenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chalcone ismoerase (CHI), dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) and UDP glucose- flavonoid-3-o-glycosyltranfe-rase (UFGT) were investigated using P. virginiana'Schubert'at the period of the leaves color was changing, and Prunus padus Linn. was included as control. The results indicated that from May to July the content of anthocyanin in the leaves from the base, mid and tip of brantches on P. virginiana'schubert'increased of 219.40%,666.63%,76.81%. The activity of PAL had a quadratic curve correlation with the content of anthocyanin, and the content of anthocyanin first decreased then increased with the increase of PAL activity. The activity of CHI was significantly correlated with the content of anthocyanin, and the content of anthocyanin increased with the activity of CHI. The activity of DFR also had a quadratic curve correlation with the content of anthocyanin, but the content of anthocyanin first increased then decreased with the increase of DFR activity. The activity of UFGT had a power functions correlation with the content of anthocyanin, and the increase of UFGT activity could significantly increase the content of anthocyanin.(5) The result of conbined application of N, P, K indicated that the accumulaton of anthocyanin in the leaves of Prunus persica f. atropurpurea in the two treatment N 50 mg/kg+P2O5 0 mg/kg+K2O 30 mg/kg and N 109.625 mg/kg+P2O5 0 mg/kg+K2O 89.625 mg/kg, which lack of P were more than other treatments. But the treatments of N 109.625 mg/kg+P2O5 59.625 mg/kg+K2O 30 mg/kg, N 150 mg/kg+P2O5 35.44 mg/kg+K2O 130 mg/kg, N 150 mg/kg+P2O5 100 mg/kg+K2O 65.44 mg/kg that high nitrogen was significantly increased the content of chlorophyll. The result of foliar application of microelement indicated that the content of anthocyanin increased by using Mn and Zn after 20 days, and the change of DFR activities was more significant than PAL, CHI and UFGT, and it had a priming effect in the synthesis of anthocyanin.(6) The photosynthetic characteristic was studied using red-leaf tree species, and the result indicated that the daily changes of net photosynthetic rate were double-peak curves in red-leaf tree species, but the net photosynthetic rate was lower in red-leaf tree species than green-leaf tree species. All tree species have the phenomenon of"noon break"and their duration was shorter in green-leaf tree species than in the green-leaf tree species. There were no differences between red-leaf and green-leaf tree species in intrinsic photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), but the quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSⅡ) and photochemical quenching (qP) of red-leaf tree species were lower than those of the green-leaf tree species. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of red-leaf tree species was higher than that of green leaf tree species.