Research On Situation And Strategies Of Pesticide Usage And Residual At Apple Orchards In The Loess Plateau Of Shaanxi Province

On the base of investigation and data analysis, the current situation of pesticide usage and residual were analyzed at apple orchards in the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi Province. Calendar of pest and disease control at apple orchards and countermeasures of pesticide residual control at apple orchards were presented. The results are presented as follows:1. Situation of pesticide usage of 10 households apple orchards were investigated on five each county of four cities in Shaanxi province in 2005. In general, pesticide use in a year round went back and forth at 10-12 times, among the kinds of agrichemicals usage, high poisonous, middle poisonous, low poisonous and no poisonous agrochemicals were 2, 4, 6 and 1 respectively. The results showed that fruit growers at apple orchards were still get into the habit of using high poisonous agrochemicals, but mainly used middle and low poisonous chemicals.2. Integrated control of pest and disease based on nature control in the ecosystem were put forward. According to the views of ecology and the environmental protection, the feedback and adjust of the ecosystem system were paid more attention. The use of natural factor and agricultural practiase, beneficial living creature and disease-resistant cultivars were given priories. Strategies of agrochemicals residual control were presented by taking full advantage of beneficial factor and limiting disadvantageous factor in the ecosystem.3. The target to reduce agrochemical usage quantity by taking "four reducing and three improving" was put forward, that is, Reducing quantity of agrochemical usage, reducing agrochemical residuals, reducing cost of agrochemical usage, reducing pollution of the environment at orchards, and improving agrochemical use efficiency, improving quality of agro-product and improving the farmer's technical level of disease and pest control and controlling effect.4. The five main measurement on control of agrochemical residual were put forward, first, agricultural practices control should be recommended strongly; second, control by biological way should be applied greatly; third, control by bio-physioloy should be recommended; fourth, control by ecosystem should be used scientifically; last, control by chemicals should be chosen rationally.5. Base on national forbidding, limiting and recommendation use agrochemicals list, recommendation and forbidding using agrochemicals list for envirometal-frindly apple orchards in china and recommendation agrochemicals category by China Agricultural Technology Extension Center, and actual circumstance of the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi Province, controlling agrochemicals with relating species of disease and pest in Loess Plateau in Shaanxi Province were presented.6. On the base of actual investigation, the calendar on annual control of pest and disease for environmental-friendly apple orchards in the Loess Plateau region in Shaanxi Province were proposed by referencing relating apple annual management calendar. The implemental results were analyzed in our presented calendars orchards, all 8 kinds of agrochemical have not inspected out, and the apple fruit has met the standard of the national green food.