| In order to find out the comprehensive techniques including optimum illumination, temperature, humidity, substrate, nutritional solution and method of nutritional solution irrigating, the two-year-old potted seedlings of Spathiphyllum had been systematically studied through soilless culture.The experiment used an orthogonal experiment design for the five treatment factors, which were substrate, ratio of nutrition element, concentration of nutrition, method of nutritional solution irrigating and the interval time of nutrition application. Every factor was set at three levels except substrate at six levels. The optimum ecological factors such as temperature, humidity and illumination were tested; The height of seeding, total areas of leaves, numbers of leaves, photosynthetic rate and the content of chlorophyll were tested in earlier seedlings period, later seedlings period and earlier flowering period of Spathiphyllum. The effect factors were analyzed by variance analysis these elements and Duncan's test. The optimum substrate, nutritional solution and culture measures were determined by analysis of the major components. It can provide a theory basis for the soilless culture of Spathiphyllum .Photosynthesis rate was test by Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system in earlier seeding stage. The light compensate point of Spathiphyllum was17.86μmol·m- 2·s- 1, while the saturation point was 300μmol·m- 2·s- 1. The results also showed that the appropriate temperature was 26~29℃,and the appropriate humidity was 60~80%.Therefore, it is better to add temperature and humidity in summer, use 30% overshadow in the 3~5 month, and use 70% overshadow and wind drum to decreases temperature, and need the prompt watering to add humidity. Suitable enhance temperature and illumination in later seeding stage and earlier bloom stage, controls the water in earlier bloom stage to reduces the air humidity and Spathiphyllum will bloom earlier.The study results indicated all factors that apply for the experiment effected the shape and physiological of Spathiphyllumi in earlier seeding stage significantly. The proportion of 4 peat: 1 perlite is helpful to the height of seedling, total areas of leaves, numbers of leaves increasing. N:P:K:Ca:Mg:S=8:1:3:2:1:1 nutrition proportion combination, 2‰quality sorces nutrition., Applying nutrition through bottom , every other 7 days resulted the shape and physiological elements in a big way.During the later seedling period of Spathiphyllum,. The proportion of peat and perlite was 2:1, N:P:K:Ca:Mg:S=10.5:1:4.5:1:1:1 nutrition proportion combination, 3‰quality scores nutrition, used watering the plants, every 7days apply nutrition increased the heights of seeding, total areas of leaves, numbers of leaves and net photosynthesis rate in a big way.The five soilless culture factors effected the shape and physiological of Spathiphyllum in earlier bloom period. The better treatment was that the mixed substrate of the 2 to 1 peat and pearlite for use; in nutrition, N:P:K:Ca:Mg:S=5.5:1.5:3.5:1.5:1:1, 1‰~2‰quality scores nutrition, applying nutrition through bottom , every other 7 days .Analysis of the content of chlorophyll indicated that the important factors affecting the content of chlorophyll was the concentration of nutrition, substrate, interval time of nutrition and method of nutrition. Best select was that 2‰quality scores nutrition, the mixed substrate of the 2 to 1 peat and pearlite, nutrition every other 15 days, supplying the nutrition from the bottom container.Analysis of flowering stage indicated that there were consanguineous relation between florescence time and total areas of leaves. The bigger leave area, the earlier bloom It means that bloom of Spathiphyllum need enough nutrition. So some measures could speed up growth and enable the Spathiphyllum bloom earlier. Use the nutrition what ratio was N:P:K:Ca:Mg:S=5.5:1.5:3.5:1.5:1:1,the concentration was 2‰,watering the plants, and every 15 days apply nutrition can enhance the quality of Spathiphyllum. |
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