| Rosa rugosa which has great ornamental and economic value is an important kind of ornamental shrub of genus Rosa, it is also the concernful parental in cross breeding. The genetic diversity and relationship of 4 wild germplasms and 46 cultivars of Rosa rugosa and 2 cultivars of Rosa, Rosa multiflora and Rosa xanthina respectively was evaluated according to SRAP markers in this study, the fingerprint of Rosa rugosa was also established. This can give parental selection in cross breeding, identification, right protection of new cultivars and the classification some guidance.The main results were as follows:1. Orthogonal experimental design was conducted to establish the reaction system for SRAP-PCR of Rosa rugosa. The total 25μl reaction volume including 2.5μl of 10×PCR buffer , 2.0 mmol/L of Mg2+, 0.20 mmol/L of dNTPs, 1.5U of Taq enzyme, 0.25μmol/L of each primer, 1.0 ng/μL of DNA template. The influences of each factor on the PCR-reaction system is Taq enzyme>dNTPs>primers>Mg2+>DNA template. Amplification program was :denatured for 5min at 94℃; the primer 5 reaction cycles were 1min at 94℃,1 min at 35℃,1min at 72℃; the following 30 cycles were 1min at 94℃,1min at 50℃,1 min at 72℃;then 10min at 72℃and stored at 4℃.2. 15 primer pairs were selected from 100 pairs, which were applied to study the genetic diversity and relationships of the materials. 15 primer pairs produced 264 loci of which 227 were polymorphic, the percentage of polymorphic loci was 85.98%, each primer combination produced 17.6 loci and 15.13 polymorphic loci; the Effective number of allele was 1.3854~1.6687 with an average of 1.5548; the Nei's genetic diversity (H) was 0.2068~0.3763 with an average of 0.3187; and the Shannon's information index(I) was 0.2296~0.5520 with an average of 0.4705.3. The Nei's genetic similarity coefficient (GS) ranged from 0.5113 to 0.9852 with an average of 0.7545, showed that the genetic relationship of the materials was near. The genetic similarity coefficient between Rosa rugosa and Rosa xanthina was 0.5205~0.6755 , the average was 0.5981; the genetic similarity coefficient between Rosa rugosa and Rosa was 0.5405~0.7528 and the average was 0.6412; the genetic similarity coefficient between Rosa rugosa and Rosa multiflora was 0.5965~0.7528 and the average was 0.6831. The results showed that the genetic relationship between Rosa rugosa and Rosa multiflora was the nearest of the three.4. The Nei's genetic diversity and the Shannon's information index of Rosa rugosa was 0.2665 and 0.4033 respectively. The Nei's genetic diversity was 0.1225 and the Shannon's information index was 0.1787 in 4 wild germplasms , it was largely lower than the cultivars (H=0.2684, I=0.4059), showed that the cultivars has more distinct variation and the genetic diversity of cultivars was more abundant.5. By UPGMA cluster analysis, the 56 materials can be divided into 3 groups obviously. The 3 groups were : Rosa rugosa,Rosa multiflora and Rosa,Rosa xanthina. The 50 Rosa rugosa can be divided into 3 series: rugosa rose series,China rose series and rosebush series, the rugosa rose series can be divided into 7 sections, which was consistent with the classification based on the plant type and the flower type. The species origin should be considered firstly in the classification of Rose rugosa, then the plant type and the flower type.6. Three core primer pairs were selected to establish the fingerprint of Rosa rugusa, all the cultivars can be distinguished by the combination of each 2 primer pairs. Gel2.0 was employed to establish the fingerprint of 46 cultivars,when the comparability coefficient was 95%, the fingerprint can identify all the sample in the test.
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