Genetic Differentiation Among Rosa Rugosa Groups Of Different Provenances Based On SSR

Rosa rugosa takes some advantages as a research system for study on adaptation to the environment of shrub plant.It is threatened in its Chinese origin,but it has become an invasive species in northwestern Europe.Tracking the history and origin of the introduction of invasive plants is critical to understanding adaptive evolution and improving field control practices for these species.We use the European wild R.rugosa group(including 5 groups),the Chinese wild R.rugosa group(including 17 groups),the Chinese cultivated R.rugosa group(including 5 groups)and the Russian wild R.rugosa group(including 31 groups)as The research object analyzed the leaf and flower phenotype differences between R.rugosa groups from China and Europe using analysis of variance,degree of freedom test,Fisher analysis and cluster analysis.20 pairs of SSR primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation pattern of the European wild R.rugosa population group,the Chinese wild R.rugosa population group and the Chinese cultivated R.rugosa population group.8 pairs of SSR primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic structure of the Russian wild R.rugosa population group,and cluster analysis further revealed the genetic differentiation pattern between the European wild R.rugosa population group,the Chinese wild R.rugosa population group and the Russian wild R.rugosa population group.There are significant differences in 11 phenotypic traits among different R.rugosa population groups.The European wild R.rugosa population group and the Chinese wild R.rugosa population group are more similar in morphology,but there are significant differences between the two groups and the Chinese cultivated R.rugosa population group.Based on the phenotypic traits,the cluster analysis of the European wild R.rugosa population group,the Chinese wild R.rugosa population group,and the Russian wild R.rugosa population group shows that:the European wild cultivated R.rugosa population group and the Russian wild R.rugosa population group are grouped together,the Chinese wild R.rugosa The group can be distinguished from these two groups.Among the three groups of CWR,EWR and CCR,CCR has the highest genetic diversity index,while EWR has the lowest genetic diversity index.Analysis of population genetic differentiation based on SSR markers shows that the smallest genetic distance is between the European wild R.rugosa population group and the Chinese wild R.rugosa population group,rather than between the Chinese wild R.rugosa population group and the Chinese cultivated R.rugosa population group.The results are consistent with the recorded introduction time of the European wild R.rugosa population group and the Chinese cultivated R.rugosa population group The Chinese cultivated R.rugosa group was introduced 1300 years ago and developed independently,while the introduction of the European wild R.rugosa group occurred within the last 200 years.The genetic distance between the Russian wild R.rugosa population group and the European wild R.rugosa population group and the Chinese cultivated R.rugosa population group is relatively longWith the change of environmental factors,wild R.rugosa population groups and groups not only showed an adaptive differentiation pattern,but also showed a genetic differentiation pattern.The Chinese cultivated R.rugosa population group and the European wild R.rugosa population group have higher allele heterozygosity and have more unique alleles,which may indicate that there are more hybridization experiences in these two population groups.Three individuals in the European wild R.rugosa population group are genetically separated from the other individuals in this group,indicating that there may be a potential independent introduction event.Based on genetic structure analysis,the Chinese wild R.rugosa population group has various genotype clusters,which indicates that the European wild R.rugosa population group and the Chinese cultivated R.rugosa population group may be partially derived from the Chinese wild R.rugosa population group,and then evolve independently.This study reveals the phenotype and genetic differentiation pattern of different provenance R.rugosa groups and groups,deepens the understanding of R.rugosa adaptation and evolutionary path,and has references for the study of the evolutionary mechanism,germplasm protection and population management of the species value.In the future,we should focus on studying the genetic differentiation of R.rugosa,population dynamics and its response to field management strategies,to further reveal the ecological and genetic mechanism of R.rugosa population decline or invasion.