| Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a major grain crops in china,which is also most widely planted in the world. Dwarf is a important traits in the wheat breeding.The dwarf varieties performance higher lodging resistance and good fertilizer response and high harvest index.In this paper, useing the new sources of dwarf wheat "huaai 01 "(90607) as the female parent in five hybrid combinations F1, F2 generation plant height,components of height, and the relationship between agronomic traits and analysis the Offspring heterosis, to proven hua 01's inheritance of Dwarf traits. The main results are as follows:1.F1's plant height in the five hybrid combinations which useing the huaai01 as the female parent were slightly higher than the high-affinity, indicating that the dwarf characteristic in huaai01 is controlled by the recessive dwarf gene; Produced by selfing F1, F2 populations height have separated;To make frequency histogram with the data of plant height;From these Figures,we can find the F2's plant height showed significant bimodal distribution in the five combinations; Based on their value in the bottom and refered the female parent's average height (43 cm),set 62.5cm as the boundary points to distinguish tall and dwarf plants. To statistics on the number of tall and dwarf plants and chi-square test, showed that the separation of tall and dwarf ratio meet 3:1 in 5 crosses, X2c<3.84, have reached a significant level, this shows that dwarf character is controlled by a recessive gene.As the classification of plant height is the same in 5 combinations,so the genotype in the control plant height is same in 90597,90596,90592, China 2152,90587. Based on the same way to analysis genetic characteristics in the main components of plant height, found the first to top internode length and rachis internode length and the second to top internode length with the same genetic characteristics, is controlled by a recessive gene.It shows that the huaai01's dwarf gene impact the first to top internode length and rachis internode length and the second to top internode length.2.Plant height constitute characters and yield traits were large variations, including the length between fiag leaf sheath and neck-panicle node,the fourth to top internode length, panicle, seed number per plant, seed weight per plant, average weight of spike have greater variation coefficient between 40-60%,plant height, main spike length, rachis internode length, the first to top internode length, the second to top internode length, the third to top internode length, number of main ear spikelet have greater variation coefficient between 10-30%,but the quality traits such as protein content, starch content, Wet gluten content, sedimentation value have smaller variation coefficient, the smallest is the starch content.3.Internode lengths in all of the combinations decreasing from top to bottom, but combinations have slightly different. And the variation coefficient of internode lengths bigger than their corresponding percentage, which indicate the internode lengths is relatively stable in various combinations.4.By various combinations of the regression shows that when other factors in this experiment to maintain the average level, the main spike length, and the first to top internode length made the greatest contribution for plant height, the follow is the internode length from the second to the fourth, rachis internode length and the length between fiag leaf sheath and neck-panicle node had little effect; difference between combinations was obvious.5.Plant height showed significantly positive correlation with rachis internode length,the length between fiag leaf sheath and neck-panicle node, the first to top internode length, ratio of the second to top internode length, the third to top internode length, significantly negative correlation with main spike length,and highly significant positive correlation with the second to top internode length;the ratio of main spike length showed significantly positive correlation with rachis internode length, significantly negative correlation with the second to top internode length, the fourth to top internode length, ratio of the third to top internode length,and highly significant negative correlation with ratio of the second to top internode length, the third to top internode length;The ratio of rachis internode length showed significantly negative correlation with ratio of the third to top internode length;The length between fiag leaf sheath and neck-panicle node showed significantly positive correlation with the third to top internode length; The Internode length from the first to the fourth showed significantly positive correlation with the next,and the ratio of corresponding internode length.It illustrates in plant height constitute characters, the various sections and the corresponding ratio between the length and height of the other components of the correlation is not entirely consistent.It illustrates that the correlation between plant height components and other components is different from their corresponding ratio.6.As plant height constitute characters,the rachis internode length and the internode length from the first to the third showed highly significant positive correlation with yield traits,that should be noticed in the study of early selection and breeding. The protein content in some combination showed negative correlation with plant height, it indicated not the higher plant height with the better quality, determine the appropriate proportion between plant height and protein content in different varieties have to be studied. |
