| Vegetable soybean production in Beijing area tends to be increased, which playing an important role in the regulation of the farming frame. However, the commercial quality of the cultivars used in production at present was worse than the exclusive cultivars', which could not meet the need of vegetable soybean production. The objective of this research was to assess the relationship of different agronomic traits and provide basic theory for vegetable soybean breeding. Sixty-seven vegetable soybean cultivars were planted in Beijing, and were evaluated for 18 agronomic traits. The main results of statistic analysis were as followed:1. The genetic variance was significant among the tested cultivars, and a few of desirable materials are selected, which could be directly applied to production, such as cultivars "Green 75", "Heidali" and "Minawashima" with ,high yield and big pod. Some materials could be used in breeding program for different purpose, such as "AGS292(ck)","Ningshu60" and "Bangjinjizaosheng" with high yield, big pod and big seed size, and premature cultivars "Liaoxianl", "AGS331","AGS292(ck)", "Ningshu60"with big pod and big seed size, and premature cultivars "Aoyuanzaoshengzhidou" with high yield, and big pod cultivar "green 75","Daheidou","Tianhezaosheng65", and high yield cultivars "Shang504", "Bangjinjizaosheng", "Tongnong92-1571", "Toyuchon", "ZheD9849", "S-32-2", "9813", and premature cultivars "Shang504", "Bangjinjizaosheng" and "Tongnong92-1571".2. The result of correlation analysis of 18 traits indicated that, gathering days and plant height had negative relationship with factors contributing to yield (pod weight per plant, net weight per 100 seed, standard pod width), but had positive relationship with standard number of pods/500g.. Positive relationship was observed between pod width and pod weight per plant, net weight per 100 seed, pod yield. Pod width and standard number of pods per 500g appeared to be negative correlated. The net weight per 100 seed and standard pod width could be improved by the selection of short stalk and premature materials, therefore the commercial quality and breeding efficiency of vegetable soybean could be improved at the same time.3. Except that the heritability(h2) of the number of all pods per plant and multiple pods are relatively low, which need to be selected at high generation, the heritability of pod weight per plant, net weight per 100 granula and number of pods per 500g was more than 75%, while the heritability of fresh pod production was 62%. Under 5% intensity of selection , the relative genetic progress of all traits is between 25.2~48.69%, which means more selection potential. The heritability of plant height and pod height are respectively 94.3% and 70.6 %. Under 5% intensity of selection , the relative genetic progress of these two traits is between 95.93 and 51.87%, which means a better selection effect at earlier generation.4. The tested cultivars are divided into 9 groups according to genetic distance. Among them the fifth group was black seed with big-granula, which is characterized by premature, big pod, big granula and was the first choice for materials of desirable appearance. The seventh group was "Toyuchon","Jigangdali" and "S-32-2", which is characterized by late maturing, medium to big pod, and high yield, and was important materials in breeding of low height and high yield cultivars. The eighth group was characterized by premature, low height and big pod , which was desirable resource for breeding of premature, low height and big pod cultivars. The ninth group was characterized by late maturing, big pod, medium to big granula and high yield, which was important materials in breeding of big pod and high yield cultivars.5. Principal component analysis was performed in this research, the first 6 principal components of the analysis of the 67 varieties accounted for 77% of the total genetic variation , and can illustrate the primary characteristics of the vegetable soybean. |
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