Evaluation On Key Public Forest Ecosystem Services

Forest ecosystem services refer to the conditions and processing through which natural ecosystems, and the species that make them up, sustain and fulfill human life. They not only supply to human with the productions of ecosystem goods, such as timber, forest by-product, medicine and other raw materials, but also perform fundamental life-support services, which including water storage, soil protection, carbon fixation and oxygen release, biodiversity conservation, nutrients cycle, windbreak, environmental purification and so on. Beacause the great majority of ecosystem services provide the nature capital and welfare in forms of public goods to the human society, their values can not fully embodied and adequately quantified in commercial market, which make people neglect those invisible value of ecosystem services. Finally, forest resource are badly destroyed, which result in breakage of ecological balance and deterioration of environment. The quantitative studies on the forest ecosystem services have become a world wide discussed issue in current days due to the various forest-ralated environmental problems. Key public forest play important roles in protection ecological safe, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development of economy or society. Evaluation of key public forest ecosystem services is helpful for enhancement of people' s cognition on important ecological function of forest. At the same time, it have significant meaning on the sustainable development of key public forest, environment and economy.Beginng with the connotation of forest ecosystem services, this thesis study on its ecological function of the production of organic substance, water storage, prevention of soil erosion, carbon fixation and oxygen release, environmental purification and so on. Combined with the characteristics of key public forest, a frame of key public forest evaluating index system is established, in which including 14 first class indexes, 15 second class indexes and 27 third class indexes.Using the economic methods of environment and natural resources suchas The Market Method, Shadow Engineering Method, Opportunity Cost Method and Equivalent Substitute Method, this thesis has studied the value of key public forest services in Shanxi province in terms of the production of organic substance, carbon fixation and oxygen release, water storage, soil conservation and air purification. The result shows that the average annual key public forest ecosystem services values of Shanxi adds up to 9.906xl09yuan (Chinese RMB), which consist of 3.481 *1O8 yuan of production of organic substance, 2.837* 108 yuan of carbon fixation and oxygen release, 1.300xl09 yuan of water storage, 3.559xlO9 yuan of soil conservation and 4.415xlO9 yuan of air purification. The indirect values is 25.8 times than the direct values. Compared to the direct value, the indirect values are more important for the survival of human being. The results illustrate that key public forest ecosystem possess huge ecological and economic benifits, and occupy important position in keeping sustainable development of environment and economy.Based on the results of evaluation, key public forest in Shanxi province are devided four district, by using clustering analysis. According to the main services, four district are named. I .The district of ecological protection;II. The district of water storage and windbreak;III. The district of prevention of soil erosion;IV. The district of prevention of soil erosion and windbreak.In view of present conditions of our country and the immense value of ecosystem services of the key public forest, some sustainable development countermeasures of the key publicforest are put forward, which including five aspects as policy guarantee, compensate mechanism, manage mechanism, demos support, science research.