Effects Of Carbon And Nitrogen Nutrient On Growth Development And The Extracellular Enzyme Activity In Hericium Erinaceus

Most edible fungi fell into saprophytic fungus whose growth required nourishment absorbed from the external world. Carbon and nitrogen were two major nutrient element. During the cultivation of Hericium erinaceus, the choice of carbon and nitrogen sources,suitable C/N and N% played an important role in mycelial growth and fruitbody growth with high yield and high quality. There were many reports on carbon and nitrogen physiologic of Hericium erinaceus, But the results were unsilimar. In this experiment, Hericium erinaceus was used as testing material. The utilization of carbon sources , nitrogen sources, C/N and N% and the law of extracellular CMCase, HCase, Distase, Laccase, Guaiaualoxidase, Catecholoxidase produced by mycelia were studied. The results laid a foundation for further research on nutrient physiologic of Hericium erinaceus. Meanwhile the outcomes provided an important reference for selecting excellent medium.1. At the stage of cultivating mother culture, the utilization of Hericium erinaceus with six different carbon sources from D-fructose, Maltose, Glucose, Solube starch, Sucrose, Lactose and eight kinds of nitrogen sources from Peptone, Yeast extract, CH₃COONH₄, NH₄CL (NH₄)₂SO₄ KNO₃ NH₄NO₂ Urea in potato synsetic medium were studied. The producing law of extracellular enzyme in carbon and nitrogen sources medium were alse studied.The results showed that the optimum carbon sources was Glucose and the optimum nitrogen sources were Veast extract and Peptone. During the mycelium growth, extracellular enzyme activity of CMCase, HCase, Distase, Laccase, Guaiaualoxidase, Catecholoxidase had something to do with certain kinds of carbon sources or nitrogen sources. But had no relationship with mycelial growth amount. When C-source and N-source were D-fructose and (NH₄)₂SO₄ KNO₃ NH₄NO₂ respectively, it was beneficial to the production of CMCase. As to HCase, D-fructose and (NH₄)₂SO₄ KNO₃ were the optimum C-source and N-source. Distase, Glucose and CH3COONH4,Peptone were the optimum C-source and N-source.. Laccase, and Guaiaualoxidase activity was the highest as C-source and N-source were D-fructose and CH₃COONH₄. As to Catecholoxidase, Solube starc and NH₄CL CH₃COONH₄ were the optimum C-source and N-source.2. When mother culture was cultivated, as far as Hericium erinaceus was concerned, the optimal C/N was 20:1³0:l among seven treatments from 10:1 to 70:1;more suitableN% was 0.12%⁰.16% among seven treatments from 0.12% to 0.36%. Six kinds of extracellular enzyme need different C/N and N% during mycelium growth period. It needed lower C/N when it was 30:l⁴0:l. Laccase, Guaiaualoxidase, Catecholoxidase needed higher C/N. Their activity were higher at 60:1 or so.But their activity were similar when C/N was 20:1—70:1. As to N%, Extracellular CMCase, HCase, Distase enzyme activity were higher at 0.20% or so. Laccase, Guaiaualoxidase, Catecholoxidase enzyme activity were higher at 0.28% or so.3. Using cotton seed hull, wood-sawdust and wheat bran as to major components of cultivation medium, the optimal C/N for Hericium erinaceus was 33:1 ³8:1 among seven treatments from 23:1 —53:1.The optimal N% was 1.1%—1.3% among seven treatments from 0.7% 1.9%.4. The effects of C/N and N% of cultivation medium on six kinds of extracellular enzyme activity were great, but the effect on changing law of enzyme activity was small. The change of enzyme activity was related to fruitbody development. At the stage of vegetabtive growth, the extracellular CMCase, HCase activity were lower. The enzyme activity began to increase when it entered the stage of reproduction growth. .The activity peak appeared coincidentally with the mature period of the fruitbody. Distase activity showed a tendency from high to low at the whole growth stage. At the stage of vegetabtive growth, the extracellular Laccase, Guaiaualoxidase, Catecholoxidase activities were higher. At fruitbody development stage, three kinds of enzyme activities decreased. Catecholoxidase activity was lower at the whole growth stage. Six kinds of extracellular enzyme activities showed a tendency to decline after fruitbody were harvested.5. After determining mycelial mean growth rate, days of primordium formation and biological efficiency of culture medium with different C/N and different N% treatments, the conclusions of correlation testing showed that there was no significant correlation between C/N, N% and mycelial mean growth rate respectively, days of primordium formation. The relation of logarithmic function existed between C/N and biological efficiency. This relation existed between N% and biological efficiency too.6. The content of total saccharide, crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber in fruitbody were determined after harvesting. The results of correlation analysis showed that C/N of culture medium had no significant effect on total saccharide, crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber, There was no correlation between N% and the contents of the four kinds of nutrient composition.