Studies On Taishan Chestnut (Castanea Mallissima Blume) Breeding And Cultivated Technology

The Tai' an is the one of the producing areas primarily of chestnut, it is famous to abound in the" Taishan Mingli " in China. The whole country of publicity, whole total cultivation area 18667 hm², the yield of year is 26000t in Tai'an city. Since the 70' s of 20^th century, a lots of species have bred selectively, such as Shifeng, Huafeng, etc. Expansion is applied in production, not only accelerating the good species turn the progress, and increases consumedly solid yield in chestnut with quantity. With the development of the market, the yield of the current species can't satisfy to the demand on the quantity. In the current the chestnut resources, there are a lot of big tree, which have the yield high, the good quality, which are strong and good health in anti-environment. To develop the resources advantage well, select the more solid and plentiful early producing, high-quality, we selected from them. As to it's the biology characteristic proceeded the research, setting up and puts the superior quality educate the technique system efficiently.Main result is as follows:1. Tai'an Harbor country is the most suitable and proper kind source district in chestnut in mountain Tai. We did the choice work of the good and single stubs. At the beginning, from 100,000 stub chestnuts are solid to the big tree, we selected to choose the good and single 450 stubs. We investigated on the spot the excellent tree the growth, circumstance, and chose the big tree 89 stubs. Then, we invited to the expert the on-Site inspection. According to the years of the trees, circumstances, produce, steady produce, the chestnut to synthesize, we did the contrast analyzes, adopting the biggest belonging to a degree principle proceeds to line up the preface, selecting synthesize the qualifications form good and excellent species No.5, No.8, No.16, No. 20.2. On the different circumstances, the 4 excellent species are the performances of plentiful to produce the steady producing: a three-year-stub produced above 1.0kg, a five-year-stub produced above 2.5kg, the average projection area yield is above 0.5 kg. The chestnut is solid to synthesize the good quality, thesingle weight of chestnut is heavy above 9.0g, red and brown or purple brown, the wool of the chestnut is little or less, enrich the luster, the chestnuts are tidy, the contain of sugar measures above 17.5%, the meat of chestnut is thin, the flavor is fragrant. There are good in each on trial park growth result, they are very strong adaptability.3. According to observation, the beginning of bud is on 7^-8 *, April; The female and male spends the prosperous flower period on 5 * ¹0 to, June. Mature period in seed on 11 * -12 th, September. The young tree growth is strong prosperous.4. According to observation of growing and bearing fruit, we chose four evaluations such as good and bad in yield, the single weight of chestnut etc. We used the direct row in adoption preface method, opposite value row the preface method, all belongs to a method proceeds the comparison with synthesize the evaluation, selected the excellent species.5. Though researching the mainly yield of factors, we found that the number of base branches, the number of the chestnut sheds each base branch, the shadow area of the tree, the number of bearing branch growing on the each base bearing branch are the mainly factors, which affect the yield of the chestnut. We used as excellent spices in chestnut plentifully producing earlier period of young tree.6. The result shows: There are the obvicous difference single leafs Pn in average of the excellent species, No. 5, No.20 are higher. The cure Pn of each excellent species shines on with light the strength reports the parabola type. There are the different of the light saturation point and the light compensation point from the excellent spices.7. This experiment in research to the botany characteristic, fruit characteristic, yield that select factor and lights that excellent spices in chestnut constitute characteristics foundation proceeding the system research, research and set up the excellent spices in chestnut to educate the technique system efficiently, for realize chestnut of intensive turn, the industry turns the cultivation provided the technique guarantees.