| Compared with conventional flat planting system (CFP), the ecologyical and physiological effect on different cultivals of bed planting system (BP) was studied and three cultivals including Yannong 19, 95(6)161 and Jimail9 were used as research materials in the studies during 2000 to 2002 in experimental farm of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The main results as follows:1 Effect on water use efficiency (WUE), Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency (NUE) and soil physicochemical property in wheatThe volume weight of soil of BP is lowed by 16.2% and 12.3% respectively than that of CFP in 0-10cm and 10-20cm in tilth layer of soil, in terms of soil porosity, 8.8% and 6.1% improved respectively.The soil respiratory intensity was the highest in 20-40cm layer of soil in BP, then 20-40cm in CFP, 0-20cm in both BP and CFP was the lowest.The fertilizer applying method in BP was centralized along the furrow instead of broadcast in CFP, which increased fertilizing depth. Alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen content and available nutrient content in 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layer were higher in BP than that in CFP significantly during wheat vegetative growing period. But the difference in deep layer (40~60cm) of soil was not significant. The nitrogen content in wheat plant in BP was improved significantly by 14.5% and 17.8% respectively than that in CFP intwo cultivars, 95(6)161 and Yannong19, and the NUE in BP reached to 22.8% and 21.3% respectively which increased 12.9% and 13.9% respectively than that in CFP.The WUE in BP was improvedby 16.4% and 21.8% respectively than that in CFP of the two cultivars, 95(6) 161 and Yannong19.2 Effect on ecological characteristics in wheatThe tilth soil temperature in springtime (3/11) was improved by 0.7-4.3℃ in BP than that in CFP, it's even high in 5cm layer of soil. During daytime the temperature- rising effect in BP was significant. The soil temperature fluctuation during a day and night in BP was enlarged by 0.2-2.8℃ than that in CFP.The air humidity inside wheat plant was lowered by 3.5%-15.5% than that in CFP. The SUE of grain and dry matter yield was increased by 10.0%-13.2% and 10.3%-10.8% respectively.3 Effect on wheat growth, photosynthetic product accumulation and adversity resistanceThe resistance of lodging and diseases in BP were improved significantly due to the better micro-climatic condition for wheat growth. The incidence of wheat sharp eyespot disease was lowered by 24.7% and 49.4% respectively than that in CFP in two cultivars, 95(6)161 and Yannong 19, and the disease index of powdery mildew was lowered by 11.9% and 13.6% respectively. In BP, not only were the plant height lowered significantly, but also the number of secondary root per plant was increased by 26.4%-70.2% and the dry weight of root was increased by 12.4%-13.1% than that in CFP.At the beginning of seed filling period (5/5), the dry matter allocationproportion to ears of Jimai19 in BP was 26%, while 23.2% in CFP. But at late filling period (5/21), there were significant differences of 55.9% and 51.0%.Compared to CFP, the root dry weight in 20-40cm and 40-60cm layers of soil was increased significantly except 0-20cm layer of soil in BP, and the difference of root activity in 20-40cm and 40-60cm layers of soil was significant, but not in superficial layer (0-20cm). It could not only increase the root proportion in deep soil layer in BP, but also improve its activity.There was also a sharp drop of photosynthetic rate in CFP at late seed filling period, but it was relatively gentle in BP. It could improve the leaf photosynthetic rate by adjusting the stomatal movement and intercellular CO2 concentration in BP.4 Effect on senescence of flag leaf in wheatIt was always higher in BP of chlorophyll content in flag and penult leaf than t hat i n C FP a fter anthesis, and the c hlorophyll d egradation r ate at late growing period was lower apparently in BP.The SOD activity 15 days after anthesis in BP was higher significantly than that in CFP, but not before. The MDA content could be lowered apparently in BP in flag leaf senescence period. Before 15 days after anthesis, there was no difference of POD activity in two cultivars, Yannong19 and Jimai19, but after 15 days of anthesis, the difference was significantly. For CAT activity and soluble protein content, the regularity was the same. It proved that it could enhance the oxidation resistance of plant in late growing period and postpone the senescence in BP.5 Effect on grain yield and it's components and quality in wheatIt was improved significantly in two items such as kernel number perspike and 1000-grain weight, which were increased by 8.3%-12.1% and 7.3%-7.5% respectively in B P than that i n CFP, and t he yield i ncreased b yIn terms of grain and flour quality, it could significantly (1) improve the grain test weight and flour extraction rate; (2) debase the mixing tolerance index, improve the dough kneading resistance; (3) improve the flour dough breakdown time and the valorimeter value. But there was no significant differences in protein content, water absorption of flour and development time of dough. It could improve the degree of softening, dough stability time of Jimai19 and gluten content, sedimentation volume of Yannong19 significantly.
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