Study On Genetic Laws Of Main Quality Characters Of Micro-Endosperm Super-High Oil Corn

In this study, the materials were the micro-endosperm super-high oil corns including hybrid combinations and parent inbred lines. A series of agronomic characters, main yield characters, and main quality characters of kernels in the filling period and in the post harvest were studied. The main results were as follows:(1) Yield characters and oil content were compared between hybrid combinations F₁ and parent inbred lines S₁. The correlation coefficients between main yield characters in F₁ and the female parents were all significant or extremely significant positive correlations, but in F₁ and the male parents were not significant. The correlation coefficient between oil content in F₁ and the female parents was significant positive correlation, but in F₁ and the male parents was not significant. The correlation coefficient between 100-kernel weight and the mean oil content of 100-kernel was not significant.(2) Studying on the agronomic characters which were the plants growing from S₁ and F₁ seeds, it showed that the days to emergence, three-leaf, tassel, pollen and silk of hybrid combinations were earlier than both parents. The plant height and ear height of them were higher or situated between parents. And the stem diameter of them was larger or situated between parents. The numbers of leaves for most of them were more than those of parents. The broad-sense heritabilities of stem diameter and ear height were less than 50 % while that of the plant height was 70.71 % and that of the number of leaves was 59.16%.(3) Studying on the main quality characters of kernels in the stage from 18 to 27days after pollination in parent inbred lines S₂ and hybrid combinations F₂, it showed the moisture content of all materials was reduced with the days increasing after pollination and F₂ had the same moisture content as S₂. The soluble sugar content of F₂ was lower or situated between parents. For most materials, the oil content and protein content were increasing with the days after pollination. The oil content and protein content for most of F₂ were situated between parents. The correlation coefficients between every two of the four main quality characters in the filling period were not significant at all. The broad-sense heritability of moisture content was less than 50% while that of protein content was more than 80%. The broad-sense heritabilities of soluble sugar content and oil content were between 60 % and 70 %.(4) Studying on the main yield characters in S₂ and F₂, it showed that F₂ had heterosis.The main yield characters of all S2 and F2 were worse than the check s. In six yield characters, the broad-sense heritability of the kernel weigh per ear was higher than 70%, while those of the other five characters were between 50% and 70%.(5) Studying on the main quality characters in post harvest in S2 and F2, it showed that oil content and protein content and embryo weight ratio of all S2 and F2 were higher than those of the check, and those of most of F2 were higher or situated between parents. Oil content was significantly and positively correlated with the embryo weight ratio. The correlation coefficients between oil content and ear length, soluble sugar content were significant and positive correlations. The broad-sense heritabilities of oil content, protein content and embryo weight ratio were higher than 75 %, and that of embryo oil ratio was less than 30%.(6) Studying on the agronomic characters which were the plants growing from parent inbred lines S2 seeds, it showed that the days to emergence, three-leaf, tassel, pollen and silk of parent inbred lines were later than those of the checks. General agronomic characters of parent inbred lines were worse than those of the checks. The broad-sense heritabilities of plant height and ear height were about 70%, and those of the stem diameter and the number of leaves were between 50 % and 60 %.(7) Studying on the main quality characters of kernels in the stage from 18 to 24 days after pollination in parent inbred lines S3, it showed, with the days increasing aft...