Studies On The Bioactivities And Insecticidal Action Mode Of Macrofungi Extracts

In this study, solvent extraction and triturated methods were used to get bioactive substance from 7 species of cultivated macrofungi and 27 species of wild macrofungi against 4 insect pests, Laphygam exigua Htiber, Helicoverpa armigera Huber, Plutella xylosetlla(L.) and Lipaphis erysimi(Kaltenbach) and 6 plant pathogen, Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Rhizoctonia solani KChn Thanatephorus cucumeris(Frank)Donk Helminthosporium maydis Nisik & Miy Fulvia fulva (Cookee) and CiferriPyricutaria oryzae Cav . And the insecticidal action modes of several extracts which had evident bioactivities against Laphygam exigua Huber and Helicoverpa armigera Huber among the 34 macrofungi extracts were also studied.By feed feedstuff that mixed with extractions or triturated substance to study bioassay effect of toxic activity of macrofungi on 4 species of pests. The results showed that there had 8 kinds of extracts which corrected mortalities were more than 50% against Laphygam exigua Huber,and 3 kinds of extracts which corrected mortalities were more than 50% against Helicoverpa armigera Htiber, the best stomachic toxicity among 8 kinds of extracts against Plutella xylosetlla(L.) was the extract of Lactarius hysginus Fr. which corrected mortality was 62.8%, there had 2 kinds of extracts against Lipaphis erysimi(Kaltenbach) which corrected mortalities were more than 50%.but the corrected mortalities of extracts of cultivated macrofungi were all less than 50%.The results of the comparative analysis of the inhibition activity of 20 kinds of macrofungi extracts to 6 species of plant pathogen indicated that only Russula.integra(L.)Fr. and Amamita spissa (Fr.) Quel had obvious inhibition activity on one or more species of plant pathogen.. The best inhibition activity was Amamita spissa (Fr.)Que extract on Pyricutaria oryzae Cav. and Helminthosporium maydis Nisik & Miy, the inhibition rate were both 70.62%.The insecticidal action mode of 13 kinds of extracts of fresh fruitbodies and desiccated fruitbodies to Laphygam exigua Huber and Helicoverpa armigera Huber were tested. The results showed that: the extract of Laccaria laccata ( Scop:Fr.) Berk.et Br. had best weight inhibition to Helicoverpa armigera Huber, and the growth inhibition rate was 66.65%.there were 6 kinds of extracts had significant effect on cumbering pupationof Laphygam exigua Hiiber and Helicoverpa armigera Huber(pupation<60%).The extract of desiccated Russula olivacea was the best among 4 kinds of extracts which antifeeding rate to Helicoverpa armigera Huber.were more than 50%,and its antifeeding rate was 73.06%. There had 3 kinds of extracts which antifeeding rate to Laphygam exigua Hiiber were more than 50%,The results of contact toxicity showed that the extracts of Lactarius volemubs Fr. had strong contact toxicity on hatching larvae of Laphygam exigua Hiiber, the LC50 value was 39.01mg/ml. The results of repellent effect showed that the rate of repellent effect of the extracts of Suillus bovines(L.:Fr.)O.Kuntze and Russula vesca Fr to Helicoverpa armigera Hiiber were 50%. and 2 species of pests didn't have the interest to take other wild macrofungi extracts.