| Organic mediums culture is primary one of the soilless culture; they got more and more advertence these years. But owing to lake of comprehension on their Physical-chemical characteristic and chemic stability of organic mediums, it wasn't very apt in using mediums and management of nutrient solution.Using chicken manure, sawdust, charred rice husk, cradled turfgrass, peatmoss, weathered coal and perlite as experiment materials, physical-chemical characteristic of seven materiels, chemic components of organic mediums when they had saturable water, and valid components of nutrient solution which was effected by organic mediums had been studied in this papers to give a recipe of organic mediums and management of nutrient solution during the planting with these mediums.The several materiels characteristics were studied, such as bulk density, specific gravity, total porosity, saturable water capacity, containing water capacity, PH, EC, NH4-N, NO3-N, available P and four available metals (K, Ca, Mg, Fe). According to ideal physical and chemical characteristics in growing medium, and with a view to the costs, a feasible scheme was put forward to mix as a certain ratios with chicken manure+peatmoss+charred rice husk+weathered coal (or sawdust, or cradled turfgrass, or perlite).These organic mediums were treated with various temperatures and hours. The chemic components ,such as NH4-N, NO3-N, available P and four available mental(K, Ca, Mg, Fe)were mensurated when their saturable water capacity was 120%. The results shows that content of mineral elements in several infusing solutions of organic medium were steady after 108 hour. According to the result that was gotten when water capacity was saturable in mediums, and losing sight of the effect among organic mediums, the best scheme was got, that is, multiple mediums needed to pre-dispose before used to plant. Put the organic mediums in water for five days , when all mineral element of organic materials are steady ,Add nutrient solution amended by this formula, C1 =C2-C3 to mediums to make all content of components in approximate ideal situation. From then on , add nutrient solution according to standard nutrient solution scheme. (C1 means content of rectified nutrient solution; C2 means content of ideal nutrient solution; C3 means content of extracted water of organic materiels.)In addition, the chemic components in infusing nutrient solution of six organic mediums were mensurated at different time. The result as follow, after 36-108 hours all mineral elements in different infusing nutrient solutions was mainly steady. But mineral elements in nutrient solution which were affected by different organic mediums were different, increased content of total valid nitrogen in nutrient solution of charred rice husk was negative, by contraries, the others were plus. Increased content of effective P in nutrient solution of weathered coal and chicken manure were plus, the others are negative. Increased content of effective K in nutrient solution of weathered coal was plus, the others are negative. All increased content of Ca2+ were negative in mediums. Among them, the change was bigger than others in cradled turfgrass and charred rice husk. In chicken manure, sawdust, charred rice husk, peatmoss and cradled turfgrass. increased content of Mg2+ is plus, but it is negative in weathered coal. So correctional coefficient λ., is essential for former scheme of nutrient solution. Management and scheme to nutrient solution is different at different period. When all mineral elements were steady after mediums in infusing water, transplant plants. Add the amended nutrient solution in a week, then use standard scheme of nutrient solution to supply.On account of above-mentioned result, using tomato, "nianfeng" and loose leaved lettuce (Italy) as test material, we make multiple mediums (peatmoss: charred rice: husk: perlite: chicken manure )as cultivated soil with 2:2:2:1. Its bulk density is 0.36g/ml; specific gravity, 1.94g/ml: total porosity, 81.44%; pH, 6.28; EC. 1.89... |
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