The Research About Agronomic Knowledge Of 《GuanZi》

This thesis, which is linked with progress in archaeology and ethnology, on the basis of a great many reading about relevant works and theses, makes a comprehensive and profound research about the abundant agronomy knowledge of 《GuanZi》.The agronomy knowledge of 《 GuanZi 》 contains four aspects: soil science, agricultural technology? agricultural calendar, agricultural theory and agricultural ecology's protection. The agricultural technology refers to the study of crops, farm tools, tillage and cultivation technology, farmland's irrigation technology.Soil science focuses on the study of 《DiYuan》. It sorted the soil on the basis of soil's nature and color as well as 《YuGong》. But meanwhile, It did close research of the relationship between soil and soil moisture station, flavor, terrain, topography, underground water. It paid close attention to the intimate relationship between soil and its upper plants. In short, it had clear understanding about relationship between soil and its environment and was filled with eclogical thoughts. Its soil's classification and nature is more profound and comprehensive than that of 《YuGong》 and 《ZhouLi》.《DiYuan》is one of the most important works in soil science at pre- Qin period.Referring to crops, the thesis studies the relationship of three important crops "He" (narrow sense),"Ji", "Su"(narrow sense), "Shu". At the angle of crops' planting times, It thinks that "He", "Ji", "Su" are the different names of a same plant. Also it thinks that the formation of "five grains" relates to the formation of pre - Qin's small farmer's production pattern. As farm tolls, Lei and Si are originally two kinds of farm tools. During the Spring and Autmn -Warring States Period, the straight shaft of Si became the bent shaft of Lei * so Si had the same function as Lei, which made Lei disappear. From Warring States, Si gradually became to plough, but it was used to being named Si. Besides, the thesis preliminarily studies other farm tools, such as Nou,Bo,Yao, You and so on. At the aspect of tillage and cultivation technology, the thesisresearches relevant technology of deep plough, hoeing up weeds? sowing,seeds selection and applying fertilizer. IGuanZi) attaches importance to farmland's irrigation technology. After analyzing a few works, the thesis makes a conclusion that after Middle Spring and Autumn period, combating drought and drainimg flooded fields technology have been used at central plain areas, which differs from many scholars' lately opinion that only draining flooded fields technology has been used in that period at central plain areas. At the same time, 《DuDi》 is considered to be the most remarkable work about water conservancy technology and hydraulics study and to be the experienced summary of large scope of farmland's water conservancy construction in Warring States.There are four works about agricultural calendar, 《XuanGong》, 《SiShi》, 《WuXing》,《QingZhongJi》, among which, 《XuanGong)and 《WuXing》 belong to special agricultural calendar system of 10-months solar calendar; 《SiShi》 and 《QingZhongJi》 belong to traditional " YueLing" system of twenty ?four festivals. All of them are earlier than twelve - months writings of 《LuShiChunQiu》, which are early embryos of "YueLing" system.Concerning agricultural theory, 《GuanZi》 have preliminarily formed "SanCai" idea, but it is not systematic. As agricultural ecology's protection, 《GuanZi》 starts from the angle of "DiYi" principle, which is practical and filled with experience. Although it is impossible to expound ecology protection from the angle of modern ecology, it's certain articles, such as 《QiFa》and 《DiYuan》, had put forward some modern ecological thoughts.