| To explore the development and utilization of Japonica germplasm resources with good quality,32 introduced cultivars were planted and observed in Sichuan Agricultural University (Chengdu Campus) from 2014 to 2015. The major agronomic traits, yield and quality traits were studied, and three high-quality rice cultivars were screened under Sichuan ecological conditions. The main findings are as follows:(1) Agronomic characters of introduced cultivars showed that the sowing-heading days ranged from 87?121 d.75.0% of the cultivars were mainly distributed between 100 and 120 days. The entire duration period ranged from 138?163 d, and 40.6% of the cultivars were from 151 to 155 days. The plant height amplitude were 93.40?104.70 cm, averaged in 101.70 cm, flag leaf length ranged from 25.57?39.65 cm, averaged in 31.90 cm. The width of flag leaf ranged from 1.80?2.10 cm, averaged in 1.89 cm, and flag leaf area ranged from 36.44?59.48 cm2, averaged in 45.37 cm2. The ear length ranged from 15.25?19.57 cm, averaged in 17.23 cm. The primary branches ranged from 12.50-16.50, averaged in 14.14, and the secondary branch number ranged from 24.50?75.50, averaged in 47.80.(2) The Yield traits of introduced Japonica cultivars showed that the effective ears ranged from 245.02-384.48 ten thousand ear per hectare, averaged effective ears were 305.72 ten thousand ear per hectare. The number of filled grains ranged from 96.38?158.62, averaged in 125.93. The thousand grain weight amplitude was 22.28?30.30 g, averaged in 26.07 g. The seed setting rate range of variation were 86.00%?96.80%, averaged in 92.90%. The actual yields amplitudes were 7441.61?10160.50 kg hm-2, averaged in 8872.02 kg hm-2, where Nanning 49 was 9331.75 Kg hm?2, Zhongdao No.1 was 9337.45 Kg hm'2, Yan 9029 was 9374.95 Kg hm-2, Wu yunjing No.24 was 9413.20 Kg hm-2, Wu yunjing No.27 was 9441.85 Kg hm-2. Wu yunjing No.21 was 9469.45 Kg hm-2, Yanfeng No.2 was 9583.90 Kg hm-2, Nanjing 9108 was 10160.50 Kg hm-2, respectively, these cultivars were higher than the control (Gangyou 725 which was 9316.00 Kg hm-2), others were lower compared to the CK.(3) The quality traits of introduced cultivars showed that the brown rice rate amplitude was 65.38%?82.07%. averaged in 76.95%. According to the quality rice grading standards (GB/T17891-1999) where high standard cultivars required high brown rice rate (>79.00%), under this scenarios,25% of the introduced cultivars showed good brown rice rate. The rice rate ranged from 49.72%?74.94%, averaged in 65.78%,9.4% of cultivars showed second level quality. Milled rice rate ranged from 45.62%?67.94%, averaged in 60.22%. Amylose content ranged from 13.40%-17.93%, averaged in 16.04%, and all exhibited in high standard. The RVA characteristics showed the breakdown values were at 723.3 cp?2174.7 cp, averaged in 1324.6 cp, breakdown value of Liaojing227 was the highest, followed by Ning 9213; Setback ranged from-629.3 cp?804.7 cp, averaged in 195.9 cp, Ning 9213 had the minimum setback, followed by Liaojing 1. Introduced Japonica cultivars protein content ranged from 8.00%?9.13%, averaged in 8.51%. The protein contents were between 8.00%?9.00%, and no significant differences obsereved. Eating values ranged from-1.0 to 1.50,78.8% of the cultivars showed good eating quality than CK.(4) The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between plant height and other morphological indicators such as flag leaf length, flag leaf area, and panicle length. While effective panicles were significantly negatively correlated with grain number per panicle, and setback value, peak value, and breakdown value. Thereafter,4 principal components were screened which accounted for 86.13% contribution rate through principal component analysis, the principal components were mainly reflected on 6 traits which were breakdown, setback value, head milled rice rate, actual production plant height and the number of secondary branches, respectively. Based on this, a cluster analysis was carried out and all of the cultivars were grounded into 2 types, one type was with medium head milled rice rate, middle/high yield and good taste, the other was with high head milled rice rate, high yield, low rice straw and slightly less flavorful.In conclusion, based on above analysis,3 cultivars of Nanjing 9108, Zhongdao No.1 and Ning 9213 were selected under Sichuan production conditions which exhibited in moderate growth period, good plant type, high yield and good quality. |
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